{
 "meta": {"schema_version": 2, "updated": "2026-10-21", "count": 76, "dates": "UTC", "note": "Compact index of the robotics set, built from the systems folder (one file per id) by tools/check_robotics.py --build. 'cells' has one letter per feature in the order of 'features' (Y yes, P partial, N no, - searched and not found, ? unknown); 'checks' has one letter per feature for how the cell was verified (v the maker's, regulator's or paper's own text; s reporting or a partner's statement; u unverified, pending source confirmation; . not applicable). Every source and verbatim quote is in the systems folder (one file per id).", "features": ["legged", "wheeled_base", "arms", "dexterous_hands", "aerial", "road_vehicle", "autonomous_operation", "operator_assist", "remote_assistance", "onsite_human", "unstructured_env", "among_public", "end_to_end", "vla", "language_instruction", "cross_embodiment", "third_party_model", "onboard_inference", "offboard_inference", "learns_from_demonstration", "teleop_training", "sim_training", "fleet_learning", "navigation", "pick_place", "tool_use", "multi_step", "serves_person", "carries_passengers", "carries_goods", "sold_or_leased", "unsupervised_commercial", "regulatory_approval", "stated_scale", "open_hardware", "open_model", "sdk_api", "safety_report", "incident_reporting", "remote_monitoring", "estop_mrc"]},
 "systems": [
  {"id": "agibot-humanoid", "name": "AgiBot humanoid robots and GO-1", "former_names": [], "maker": "AgiBot (Zhiyuan Robotics)", "country": "China", "category": "humanoid", "country_sourced": true, "verification_note": "AgiBot's own pages (product, release, milestone and GitHub) and the GO-1 paper were read. The milestone page lists months without writing the year beside them, so the 2023 and 2025 dates are read from the list layout. Shipment totals are the maker's report of IDC data. Regulator records were not read.", "regulator_records": "not_checked", "status": "commercial", "first_demo": {"date": "2023-08", "precision": "month", "what": "AgiBot A1 humanoid robot unveiled (milestone list)", "verification": "unverified"}, "first_deployment": {"date": "2025-07", "precision": "month", "what": "First routine operation of humanoid robots at an industrial site (milestone list; no customer)", "verification": "unverified"}, "ai_stack": "GO-1 vision-language-action model with latent planner and action expert, on an InternVL2.5-2B backbone", "business_model": "Robot-as-a-Service model (announced for Vietnam)", "different": "A Chinese maker with several humanoid and wheeled robot lines plus GO-1, an open generalist policy trained on over a million teleoperated trajectories.", "ideal_use": "General-purpose embodied AI for retail, tourism, education and industrial settings, as deployed with customers.", "history": [], "cells": "YYYPNNY-Y-YY-YYPY-YYYYPYY-YY--Y-PY-PY--PY", "checks": "vvvvvvv.v.vv.vvvv.vvvvvvv.vv..v.vv.vv..vv", "facts": {"verified": 46, "secondary": 0, "unverified": 2}, "unread": 0, "last_reviewed": "2026-10-09", "date": "2023-08", "primary_url": "https://www.agibot.com/", "description": "A Chinese maker with several humanoid and wheeled robot lines plus GO-1, an open generalist policy trained on over a million teleoperated trajectories."},
  {"id": "agility-digit", "name": "Digit", "former_names": [], "maker": "Agility Robotics", "country": "United States", "category": "humanoid", "country_sourced": true, "verification_note": "", "regulator_records": "not_checked", "status": "commercial", "first_demo": {"date": "2019-02-19", "precision": "day", "what": "Digit, a bipedal robot with torso and arms, unveiled", "verification": "verified"}, "first_deployment": {"date": "2024-06-05", "precision": "day", "what": "Digit deployed in commercial operations at a GXO facility near Atlanta", "verification": "verified"}, "ai_stack": "Agility's proprietary physical AI stack, with Agility Arc cloud fleet platform", "business_model": "Robots-as-a-service agreements with enterprise customers", "different": "A bipedal humanoid that moves totes in customer warehouses and factories; Digit 5 adds a safety architecture aimed at working near people without barriers.", "ideal_use": "Tote-based material handling in warehouses, with machine tending, kitting and palletizing planned.", "history": [{"date": "2026-06-24", "kind": "merger", "text": "Agility agreed to go public by merging with the special purpose acquisition company Churchill Capital Corp XI; the deal is not stated as closed.", "verification": "verified"}], "cells": "YNY-NNY---P------YP---YYYP-PNYY-P---PP-PY", "checks": "vvv.vvv...v......vv...vvvv.vvvv.v...vv.vv", "facts": {"verified": 45, "secondary": 0, "unverified": 0}, "unread": 0, "last_reviewed": "2026-10-21", "date": "2019-02-19", "primary_url": "https://www.agilityrobotics.com/", "description": "A bipedal humanoid that moves totes in customer warehouses and factories; Digit 5 adds a safety architecture aimed at working near people without barriers."},
  {"id": "amazon-astro", "name": "Astro", "former_names": [], "maker": "Amazon", "country": "United States", "category": "home-robot", "country_sourced": true, "verification_note": "Astro is listed on Amazon's product page 'by invitation' at 1,599.99 US dollars, so status is set to pilot (arguable: it is sold). Launch and update dates come from page metadata and are marked unverified. The end of Astro for Business in 2024 could not be confirmed. The product page refuses repeat automated requests, so its quotes were confirmed on one browser-style read.", "regulator_records": "checked", "status": "pilot", "first_demo": {"date": "2021-09-28", "precision": "day", "what": "Amazon introduces Astro, its first home robot (date from page metadata)", "verification": "unverified"}, "first_deployment": {"date": "2022-09-28", "precision": "day", "what": "Amazon says Astro is shipping to customers who requested an invite (statement date)", "verification": "unverified"}, "ai_stack": "AI, computer vision, sensor fusion and edge computing; Alexa", "business_model": "Sold by invitation at 1,599.99 US dollars; Ring Home Premium trial included", "different": "A wheeled household robot with a periscope camera and Alexa that patrols the home, follows its owner and sends alerts.", "ideal_use": "Home monitoring and staying in touch with family, with Alexa features that follow the user from room to room.", "history": [], "cells": "NY--NNY-Y-YY--Y--YP----Y---Y--P-----PP--Y", "checks": "vv..vvv.v.vv..v..vv....v...v..v.....vv..v", "facts": {"verified": 24, "secondary": 0, "unverified": 5}, "unread": 0, "last_reviewed": "2026-10-09", "date": "2021-09-28", "primary_url": "https://www.amazon.com/Amazon-Astro/dp/B078NSDFSB", "description": "A wheeled household robot with a periscope camera and Alexa that patrols the home, follows its owner and sends alerts."},
  {"id": "amazon-prime-air", "name": "Amazon Prime Air", "former_names": [], "maker": "Amazon.com, Inc.", "country": "United States", "category": "drone", "country_sourced": true, "verification_note": "", "regulator_records": "not_checked", "status": "commercial", "first_demo": {"date": "", "precision": "none", "what": "No public demonstration date is documented in the fetched pages", "verification": ""}, "first_deployment": {"date": "2020-08", "precision": "month", "what": "Amazon Prime Air begins commercial drone delivery operations in Pendleton, Oregon", "verification": "verified"}, "ai_stack": "Machine-learning perception with onboard cameras and radar, and an onboard detect-and-avoid system", "business_model": "Delivery fee per order, free for Prime members on orders of 50 dollars or more", "different": "A hybrid vertical-takeoff aircraft whose onboard detect-and-avoid system supported FAA approval to fly beyond visual line of sight from the first day at a new location.", "ideal_use": "Delivering items of five pounds or less from Amazon sites to customers' chosen delivery points, mainly in suburban areas.", "history": [], "cells": "NNNNYNY---YY-----Y---P-Y-NNPNYY-Y----P-YY", "checks": "vvvvvvv...vv.....v...v.v.vvvvvv.v....v.vv", "facts": {"verified": 36, "secondary": 0, "unverified": 0}, "unread": 0, "last_reviewed": "2026-10-09", "date": "2020-08", "primary_url": "https://www.aboutamazon.com/news/transportation/amazon-prime-air-drone-delivery-expansion", "description": "A hybrid vertical-takeoff aircraft whose onboard detect-and-avoid system supported FAA approval to fly beyond visual line of sight from the first day at a new location."},
  {"id": "amazon-proteus", "name": "Proteus", "former_names": [], "maker": "Amazon", "country": "United States", "category": "warehouse-mobile", "country_sourced": false, "verification_note": "", "regulator_records": "not_checked", "status": "commercial", "first_demo": {"date": "", "precision": "none", "what": "Public unveiling date not in the fetched pages", "verification": ""}, "first_deployment": {"date": "2022-10", "precision": "month", "what": "Proteus built in Boston in October 2022; first job at Nashville fulfillment center", "verification": "verified"}, "ai_stack": "On-board sensors and SLAM mapping; next generation takes conversational prompts", "business_model": "Operated by Amazon in its own fulfillment centers; no sale stated", "different": "Amazon describes it as its first autonomous mobile robot: it moves carts without fencing or floor markers, sensing people and objects, while older Amazon robots follow stickers inside fenced zones.", "ideal_use": "Lifting and moving heavy carts of packages from the outbound area to loading docks in fulfillment centers.", "history": [], "cells": "NYN-NNY---P---Y--------YP--P-Y-P-------PY", "checks": "vvv.vvv...v...v........vv..v.v.v.......vv", "facts": {"verified": 27, "secondary": 0, "unverified": 0}, "unread": 20, "last_reviewed": "2026-10-16", "date": "2022-10", "primary_url": "https://www.aboutamazon.com/news/operations/amazon-robotics-autonomous-robot-proteus-warehouse-packages", "description": "Amazon describes it as its first autonomous mobile robot: it moves carts without fencing or floor markers, sensing people and objects, while older Amazon robots follow stickers inside fenced zones."},
  {"id": "amazon-sparrow", "name": "Sparrow", "former_names": [], "maker": "Amazon", "country": "United States", "category": "manipulator", "country_sourced": true, "verification_note": "Amazon's own pages describe Sparrow briefly; no technical paper, model detail or unit count was found. Dates for the launch (2022-11-10) and the Texas report (2023-06-26) come from page metadata, not text, and are marked unverified; a 2023 Amazon page says Sparrow was 'introduced in 2022'. Status reflects use in Amazon's own warehouses, not a product sale.", "regulator_records": "not_checked", "status": "commercial", "first_demo": {"date": "2022-11-10", "precision": "day", "what": "Amazon introduces Sparrow (date from page metadata, not in text)", "verification": "unverified"}, "first_deployment": {"date": "2023-06-26", "precision": "day", "what": "Sparrow reported picking customer orders at a Texas site (earliest report; metadata date)", "verification": "unverified"}, "ai_stack": "Computer vision and AI to identify and handle items", "business_model": "", "different": "A robotic arm that Amazon describes as detecting, selecting and handling individual products from its inventory of millions of items, ahead of packaging.", "ideal_use": "Moving individual items from containers into totes in fulfillment centers before packaging.", "history": [], "cells": "N-YNNN----P-------------Y--P-------------", "checks": "v.vvvv....v.............v..v.............", "facts": {"verified": 13, "secondary": 0, "unverified": 7}, "unread": 0, "last_reviewed": "2026-10-09", "date": "2022-11-10", "primary_url": "https://www.aboutamazon.com/news/operations/amazon-introduces-sparrow-a-state-of-the-art-robot-that-handles-millions-of-diverse-products", "description": "A robotic arm that Amazon describes as detecting, selecting and handling individual products from its inventory of millions of items, ahead of packaging."},
  {"id": "amazon-vulcan", "name": "Vulcan", "former_names": [], "maker": "Amazon", "country": "United States", "category": "manipulator", "country_sourced": false, "verification_note": "", "regulator_records": "not_checked", "status": "pilot", "first_demo": {"date": "2025", "precision": "year", "what": "Vulcan introduced at Delivering the Future in Dortmund, Germany", "verification": "verified"}, "first_deployment": {"date": "", "precision": "none", "what": "Use at Spokane and Hamburg is stated but not dated on the fetched pages", "verification": ""}, "ai_stack": "Physical AI trained on touch and force-feedback data, with stereo vision", "business_model": "", "different": "Amazon's arm for picking and stowing items in inventory pods that uses force-feedback sensors to feel contact and stop before damaging items, with paddle tooling for stowing and a suction picker.", "ideal_use": "Picking and stowing items in the top and bottom rows of fulfillment-center inventory pods so employees avoid step ladders.", "history": [], "cells": "--Y---Y---P-------------Y--P------------P", "checks": "..v...v...v.............v..v............v", "facts": {"verified": 15, "secondary": 0, "unverified": 0}, "unread": 0, "last_reviewed": "2026-10-16", "date": "2025", "primary_url": "https://www.aboutamazon.com/news/operations/amazon-vulcan-robot-pick-stow-touch", "description": "Amazon's arm for picking and stowing items in inventory pods that uses force-feedback sensors to feel contact and stop before damaging items, with paddle tooling for stowing and a suction picker."},
  {"id": "anybotics-anymal", "name": "ANYmal", "former_names": [], "maker": "ANYbotics", "country": "Switzerland", "category": "quadruped-inspection", "country_sourced": false, "verification_note": "", "regulator_records": "not_checked", "status": "commercial", "first_demo": {"date": "2009", "precision": "year", "what": "First prototype built at ETH Zurich by the team behind ANYbotics", "verification": "verified"}, "first_deployment": {"date": "2024", "precision": "year", "what": "Petrobras named as receiving six ANYmal X units; earliest customer event found", "verification": "verified"}, "ai_stack": "Reinforcement-learned locomotion; Pharos SLAM; Intel i7 edge computing", "business_model": "", "different": "A four-legged inspection robot with learned locomotion that runs missions autonomously in multi-floor plants, with an explosion-protected ANYmal X version and a fleet platform called Shift.", "ideal_use": "Automated routine inspection of industrial plants in utilities, mining, oil and gas and chemicals, keeping workers out of hazardous areas.", "history": [{"date": "2016", "kind": "spin_out", "text": "ANYbotics founded to industrialize the robot technology first prototyped at ETH Zurich.", "verification": "verified"}], "cells": "YN--NNYPY-Y-P----Y-----Y------Y-PY--Y--PY", "checks": "vv..vvvvv.v.v....v.....v......v.vs..v..vv", "facts": {"verified": 30, "secondary": 3, "unverified": 0}, "unread": 30, "last_reviewed": "2026-10-16", "date": "2009", "primary_url": "https://www.anybotics.com/robotics/anymal/", "description": "A four-legged inspection robot with learned locomotion that runs missions autonomously in multi-floor plants, with an explosion-protected ANYmal X version and a fleet platform called Shift."},
  {"id": "apptronik-apollo", "name": "Apollo", "former_names": [], "maker": "Apptronik", "country": "United States", "category": "humanoid", "country_sourced": true, "verification_note": "The cells on its vision-language-action model rest on Google DeepMind's statement of an aim, not on a robot shown running it; no dated first use at a customer is documented. A release from Apptronik or a customer describing robots at work would settle both.", "regulator_records": "not_checked", "status": "pilot", "first_demo": {"date": "2023-08-23", "precision": "day", "what": "Apptronik unveils Apollo", "verification": "verified"}, "first_deployment": {"date": "", "precision": "none", "what": "No customer use documented; only an agreement (2024-03-15)", "verification": ""}, "ai_stack": "Apptronik Artemis control software with Google DeepMind Gemini Robotics models", "business_model": "", "different": "A modular humanoid offered in bipedal and wheeled-base configurations, with a safety zone design and data collected at Robot Park sites for Gemini Robotics training.", "ideal_use": "Logistics, manufacturing and retail tasks such as kitting, packout and tote delivery alongside people.", "history": [{"date": "2025-06-24", "kind": "spin_out", "text": "Apptronik created Elevate Robotics, a wholly owned subsidiary for industrial tasks beyond the human form.", "verification": "verified"}], "cells": "YPY-NNP---P--Y-PY--YY-Y-Y--PNPP------P-PY", "checks": "vvv.vvv...v..u.uv..vv.v.v..vvvv......v.vv", "facts": {"verified": 36, "secondary": 0, "unverified": 2}, "unread": 0, "last_reviewed": "2026-10-16", "date": "2023-08-23", "primary_url": "https://apptronik.com/apollo", "description": "A modular humanoid offered in bipedal and wheeled-base configurations, with a safety zone design and data collected at Robot Park sites for Gemini Robotics training."},
  {"id": "aurora-driver", "name": "Aurora Driver", "former_names": [], "maker": "Aurora Innovation, Inc.", "country": "United States", "category": "autonomous-truck", "country_sourced": true, "verification_note": "", "regulator_records": "checked", "status": "commercial", "first_demo": {"date": "", "precision": "none", "what": "No first public demonstration is documented in the pages fetched", "verification": ""}, "first_deployment": {"date": "2025-05", "precision": "month", "what": "Regular driverless customer deliveries begin between Dallas and Houston", "verification": "verified"}, "ai_stack": "Verifiable AI: learning models combined with rule guardrails, with FirstLight lidar", "business_model": "Transportation as a Service: Aurora owns and runs the trucks; customers pay for dedicated capacity", "different": "A self-driving system for Class 8 freight trucks that runs driverless on public roads in Texas and other Sun Belt states, with a Safety Case closed before each truck platform runs without an operator.", "ideal_use": "Hauling customer freight on long-haul routes, running trucks nearly around the clock.", "history": [], "cells": "NNNNNYYNPNYYP--P-----P-YNNN-PYYP-P---Y-YY", "checks": "vvvvvvvvvvvvv..v.....v.vvvv.vvvv.v...v.vv", "facts": {"verified": 43, "secondary": 0, "unverified": 0}, "unread": 1, "last_reviewed": "2026-10-17", "date": "2025-05", "primary_url": "https://aurora.tech/", "description": "A self-driving system for Class 8 freight trucks that runs driverless on public roads in Texas and other Sun Belt states, with a Safety Case closed before each truck platform runs without an operator."},
  {"id": "avride", "name": "Avride", "former_names": [], "maker": "Avride Inc.", "country": "United States", "category": "passenger-av", "country_sourced": true, "verification_note": "Robotaxi and delivery-robot facts share one record. Most capability statements are Avride's own pages; the robotaxi, scale and safety facts rest on NHTSA's PE26003 resume and Uber's release. Some blog figures (500 robots, 600,000 deliveries, Dec 2024 Dallas robots) could not be read by script and are marked unverified.", "regulator_records": "checked", "status": "commercial", "first_demo": {"date": "", "precision": "none", "what": "No first public demonstration is dated in the pages read", "verification": ""}, "first_deployment": {"date": "2024-07", "precision": "month", "what": "Delivery robots already deployed in South Korea, Austin and Dubai (earliest dated report)", "verification": "secondary"}, "ai_stack": "Lidar localisation against 3D maps the company makes itself.", "business_model": "Robotaxi service offered to the public on the Uber ride-hailing platform.", "different": "One self-driving technology adapted to both robotaxi cars and four-wheeled sidewalk delivery robots, each in service.", "ideal_use": "Sidewalk delivery of restaurant food orders, groceries and online retail purchases.", "history": [{"date": "2024", "kind": "spin_out", "text": "Avride separates from the self-driving division of Yandex after a corporate restructuring (Reuters, January 2025).", "verification": "secondary"}], "cells": "NY---YP-YYYY---P-Y---YYY---YYYYP-Y---PYPP", "checks": "vv...vv.vvvv...v.v...vvv...vvvvv.v...vvvv", "facts": {"verified": 36, "secondary": 4, "unverified": 3}, "unread": 7, "last_reviewed": "2026-10-10", "date": "2024-07", "primary_url": "https://avride.ai/", "description": "One self-driving technology adapted to both robotaxi cars and four-wheeled sidewalk delivery robots, each in service."},
  {"id": "baidu-apollo-go", "name": "Apollo Go", "former_names": [], "maker": "Baidu, Inc.", "country": "China", "category": "passenger-av", "country_sourced": true, "verification_note": "", "regulator_records": "not_checked", "status": "commercial", "first_demo": {"date": "", "precision": "none", "what": "No first public demonstration is documented in the pages fetched", "verification": ""}, "first_deployment": {"date": "2021-11-25", "precision": "day", "what": "Apollo Go begins charging fees for robotaxi rides on open roads in Beijing", "verification": "verified"}, "ai_stack": "", "business_model": "Paid autonomous ride-hailing; asset-light partnerships with platforms such as Uber and Lyft", "different": "Baidu's robotaxi service, fully driverless in all its mainland China cities, expanding abroad to Hong Kong, the Middle East and Europe, partly through Uber and Lyft.", "ideal_use": "Public autonomous ride-hailing in cities, booked through the Luobokuaipao app and partner apps.", "history": [], "cells": "NNNNNYY-YNYY-----------YNNNYY-YYY----P--P", "checks": "vvvvvvv.vvvv...........vvvvvv.vvv....v..v", "facts": {"verified": 40, "secondary": 0, "unverified": 0}, "unread": 2, "last_reviewed": "2026-10-17", "date": "2021-11-25", "primary_url": "https://www.apollogo.com/", "description": "Baidu's robotaxi service, fully driverless in all its mainland China cities, expanding abroad to Hong Kong, the Middle East and Europe, partly through Uber and Lyft."},
  {"id": "boston-dynamics-atlas", "name": "Atlas", "former_names": [], "maker": "Boston Dynamics", "country": "United States", "category": "humanoid", "country_sourced": true, "verification_note": "", "regulator_records": "not_checked", "status": "pilot", "first_demo": {"date": "2024-04", "precision": "month", "what": "Electric Atlas introduced (hydraulic Atlas shown earlier)", "verification": "verified"}, "first_deployment": {"date": "2025", "precision": "year", "what": "Atlas tested at the Hyundai Metaplant in Georgia, called its first deployment", "verification": "verified"}, "ai_stack": "Behaviors trained by reinforcement learning in simulation and teleoperated demonstrations; large behavior models; Google DeepMind models planned", "business_model": "Enterprise sales to select early adopters; no price published", "different": "An electric 1.9 m, 56-degree-of-freedom humanoid that swaps its own battery, with an IP67 rating and four-finger tactile hands, built for factory material handling.", "ideal_use": "Industrial material handling such as part sequencing, machine tending and order fulfilment in factories and warehouses.", "history": [{"date": "2024-04", "kind": "relaunch", "text": "Boston Dynamics replaces the hydraulic Atlas with an all-electric Atlas as the start of its commercial path.", "verification": "verified"}], "cells": "YNYYNNYPY-P-YYPY---YYY-YYYP-NYP--P---P-PY", "checks": "vvvvvvvvv.v.vvvv...vvv.vvvv.vvv..v...v.vv", "facts": {"verified": 50, "secondary": 0, "unverified": 0}, "unread": 0, "last_reviewed": "2026-10-17", "date": "2024-04", "primary_url": "https://bostondynamics.com/products/atlas/", "description": "An electric 1.9 m, 56-degree-of-freedom humanoid that swaps its own battery, with an IP67 rating and four-finger tactile hands, built for factory material handling."},
  {"id": "boston-dynamics-spot", "name": "Spot", "former_names": [], "maker": "Boston Dynamics", "country": "United States", "category": "quadruped-inspection", "country_sourced": false, "verification_note": "", "regulator_records": "not_checked", "status": "commercial", "first_demo": {"date": "2015", "precision": "year", "what": "Spot Classic, the first fully electric quadruped, listed in the company history", "verification": "verified"}, "first_deployment": {"date": "2020", "precision": "year", "what": "Spot becomes commercially available, first to early adopters, then other industrial customers", "verification": "verified"}, "ai_stack": "Reinforcement-learned locomotion, visual foundation models; Google Gemini in Orbit AIVI-Learning", "business_model": "Sold to commercial, industrial, enterprise and university customers; not for individuals", "different": "A four-legged robot for industrial inspection and public safety that walks stairs and rough ground, runs autonomous missions, takes an optional arm and payloads, and has a public SDK.", "ideal_use": "Automated inspection and data capture in industrial sites such as factories and energy plants, plus remote investigation of hazardous situations.", "history": [{"date": "2021-06", "kind": "ownership", "text": "Hyundai Motor Group acquired a majority interest in Boston Dynamics, now holding 80 percent; SoftBank holds the rest.", "verification": "verified"}], "cells": "YNPNNNYPY-Y--PY-Y-P---YYY-P-N-Y--Y-PY--PY", "checks": "vvvvvvvvv.v..vv.v.v...vvv.v.v.v..v.vv..vv", "facts": {"verified": 42, "secondary": 0, "unverified": 0}, "unread": 0, "last_reviewed": "2026-10-17", "date": "2015", "primary_url": "https://bostondynamics.com/products/spot/", "description": "A four-legged robot for industrial inspection and public safety that walks stairs and rough ground, runs autonomous missions, takes an optional arm and payloads, and has a public SDK."},
  {"id": "boston-dynamics-stretch", "name": "Stretch", "former_names": [], "maker": "Boston Dynamics", "country": "United States", "category": "manipulator", "country_sourced": true, "verification_note": "", "regulator_records": "not_checked", "status": "commercial", "first_demo": {"date": "2021", "precision": "year", "what": "Stretch unveiled as the company's first purpose-built robot", "verification": "verified"}, "first_deployment": {"date": "", "precision": "none", "what": "First customer deployment not dated on the fetched pages", "verification": ""}, "ai_stack": "Real-time vision and machine-learning perception; no pre-programming of boxes", "business_model": "Sold to commercial customers; price not published", "different": "A pallet-footprint mobile robot with a 7-axis arm and suction gripper that unloads floor-loaded trailers and containers, and is being extended to case picking and palletizing.", "ideal_use": "Unloading floor-loaded trailers and containers in warehouses, with mobile case picking in development.", "history": [{"date": "2021-06", "kind": "ownership", "text": "Hyundai Motor Group acquired a majority interest in Boston Dynamics, now 80 percent; SoftBank holds the rest.", "verification": "verified"}], "cells": "--Y---YP--P-----------YYY-Y--YYP-P-----P-", "checks": "..v...vv..v...........vvv.v..vvv.v.....v.", "facts": {"verified": 28, "secondary": 0, "unverified": 0}, "unread": 0, "last_reviewed": "2026-10-18", "date": "2021", "primary_url": "https://bostondynamics.com/products/stretch/", "description": "A pallet-footprint mobile robot with a 7-axis arm and suction gripper that unloads floor-loaded trailers and containers, and is being extended to case picking and palletizing."},
  {"id": "carbon-robotics-laserweeder", "name": "LaserWeeder", "former_names": [], "maker": "Carbon Robotics", "country": "United States", "category": "agricultural", "country_sourced": true, "verification_note": "", "regulator_records": "not_checked", "status": "commercial", "first_demo": {"date": "2021-03", "precision": "month", "what": "First autonomous LaserWeeder unit, used for field demos only", "verification": "verified"}, "first_deployment": {"date": "2022-02", "precision": "month", "what": "LaserWeeder introduced to growers (the maker gives no separate first-delivery date)", "verification": "verified"}, "ai_stack": "Deep-learning crop and weed models (Large Plant Model); NVIDIA GPUs on each module", "business_model": "Machines sold or leased to growers, with financing through partners", "different": "A tractor-pulled implement that uses cameras, GPUs and deep-learning models to tell crops from weeds and burns weed growth points with lasers instead of herbicides or cultivation.", "ideal_use": "Removing weeds and thinning crops in vegetable and row-crop fields without herbicides or hand labor.", "history": [], "cells": "N-NNNNPYY-Y------Y----YPN-N-N-Y--------P-", "checks": "v.vvvvvvv.v......v....vvv.v.v.v........v.", "facts": {"verified": 35, "secondary": 0, "unverified": 0}, "unread": 0, "last_reviewed": "2026-10-18", "date": "2021-03", "primary_url": "https://www.carbonrobotics.com/laserweeder-g2", "description": "A tractor-pulled implement that uses cameras, GPUs and deep-learning models to tell crops from weeds and burns weed growth points with lasers instead of herbicides or cultivation."},
  {"id": "coco-delivery", "name": "Coco Robotics delivery robots", "former_names": ["Cyan Robotics"], "maker": "Coco Robotics", "country": "United States", "category": "delivery-ground", "country_sourced": true, "verification_note": "Coco's own pages call the robots both autonomous and human-piloted, and its end-to-end neural network claim is marketing text without a paper or technical document. Robot counts are maker page counters (1K robots produced), not units in service. A technical document or regulator record would settle it.", "regulator_records": "not_checked", "status": "commercial", "first_demo": {"date": "", "precision": "none", "what": "No unveiling date is documented in the fetched pages", "verification": ""}, "first_deployment": {"date": "2020-02", "precision": "month", "what": "Coco's delivery service launches (per TechCrunch)", "verification": "secondary"}, "ai_stack": "End-to-end neural networks with precision mapping and human oversight", "business_model": "Delivery service for merchants and delivery platforms, with lower fees on direct orders", "different": "A sidewalk delivery robot that combines neural-network navigation with human pilots who step in through a Pilot Terminal, run as a delivery service on Uber Eats, DoorDash and Wolt.", "ideal_use": "Short-distance restaurant and grocery deliveries on city sidewalks.", "history": [{"date": "2021-08-25", "kind": "rename", "text": "Reported in August 2021 as a UCLA spinout formerly known as Cyan Robotics.", "verification": "secondary"}], "cells": "-Y---PP-Y-YYP---PY---PYY---P-YY--Y-----P-", "checks": ".v...vv.v.vvv...vv...vvv...v.vv..v.....v.", "facts": {"verified": 30, "secondary": 4, "unverified": 0}, "unread": 0, "last_reviewed": "2026-10-09", "date": "2020-02", "primary_url": "https://www.cocodelivery.com/", "description": "A sidewalk delivery robot that combines neural-network navigation with human pilots who step in through a Pilot Terminal, run as a delivery service on Uber Eats, DoorDash and Wolt."},
  {"id": "covariant-rfm-1", "name": "RFM-1 (Robotics Foundation Model 1)", "former_names": [], "maker": "Covariant", "country": "United States", "category": "foundation-model", "country_sourced": false, "verification_note": "Covariant's own site is blank and its announcement is gone, so this record rests on trade reporting from 2024. Whether RFM-1 is still offered after Amazon hired the founders and licensed the models is not confirmed; a statement from Covariant or Amazon would settle it.", "regulator_records": "not_applicable", "status": "development", "first_demo": {"date": "2024-03-11", "precision": "day", "what": "Covariant announces RFM-1, with a live demonstration of text commands", "verification": "secondary"}, "first_deployment": {"date": "", "precision": "none", "what": "No outside deployment of RFM-1 itself is documented in the fetched sources", "verification": ""}, "ai_stack": "8-billion-parameter multimodal model trained on warehouse robot data", "business_model": "Licensed to Amazon (non-exclusive); Covariant also sells warehouse picking robots", "different": "A robotics foundation model trained on data from Covariant's deployed warehouse picking robots; it takes text commands and sensor input, and predicts robot commands or video of outcomes.", "ideal_use": "Suction-based object manipulation in warehouse environments, with manufacturing, food processing and other uses named as aims.", "history": [{"date": "2024-08-31", "kind": "ownership", "text": "Amazon hired Covariant's three founders and about a quarter of its staff and took a non-exclusive licence to its models; Covariant continued under a new CEO.", "verification": "secondary"}], "cells": "--Y-------P-YYYY------Y-Y-----Y----------", "checks": "..s.......s.ssss......s.s.....s..........", "facts": {"verified": 0, "secondary": 21, "unverified": 0}, "unread": 0, "last_reviewed": "2026-10-18", "date": "2024-03-11", "primary_url": "https://techcrunch.com/2024/03/11/covariant-is-building-chatgpt-for-robots/", "description": "A robotics foundation model trained on data from Covariant's deployed warehouse picking robots; it takes text commands and sensor input, and predicts robot commands or video of outcomes."},
  {"id": "cruise", "name": "Cruise", "former_names": [], "maker": "Cruise LLC (General Motors)", "country": "United States", "category": "passenger-av", "country_sourced": true, "verification_note": "", "regulator_records": "checked", "status": "discontinued", "first_demo": {"date": "", "precision": "none", "what": "No first public demonstration was read from a fetched source", "verification": ""}, "first_deployment": {"date": "", "precision": "none", "what": "Public service existed before Aug 2023 per CPUC; first-ride date not read", "verification": ""}, "ai_stack": "", "business_model": "Fared passenger service in San Francisco, with limited driverless hours, under CPUC permits", "different": "A General Motors majority-owned robotaxi developer that ran driverless passenger service in San Francisco until California suspended its permits in October 2023; GM stopped funding it in December 2024.", "ideal_use": "Fared and non-fared passenger service in San Francisco, with or without a safety driver, under CPUC authority.", "history": [{"date": "2024-12-10", "kind": "shutdown", "text": "GM announced it would no longer fund Cruise robotaxi development work.", "verification": "verified"}, {"date": "2024-12-31", "kind": "ownership", "text": "GM owned approximately 97% of Cruise at year end 2024 and was pursuing the remaining shares.", "verification": "verified"}, {"date": "2025-02", "kind": "ownership", "text": "GM completed the acquisition of the noncontrolling interests in Cruise and combined the GM and Cruise autonomous technical efforts.", "verification": "verified"}], "cells": "-----YYP-PYY---------P-----YY-NNYY---?Y-Y", "checks": ".....vvv.vvv.........v.....vv.vvvv....v.v", "facts": {"verified": 37, "secondary": 0, "unverified": 0}, "unread": 0, "last_reviewed": "2026-10-18", "date": "", "primary_url": "https://news.gm.com/home.detail.html/Pages/news/us/en/2024/dec/1210-gm.html", "description": "A General Motors majority-owned robotaxi developer that ran driverless passenger service in San Francisco until California suspended its permits in October 2023; GM stopped funding it in December 2024."},
  {"id": "diligent-moxi", "name": "Moxi", "former_names": [], "maker": "Diligent Robotics", "country": "United States", "category": "surgical-medical", "country_sourced": true, "verification_note": "", "regulator_records": "not_checked", "status": "commercial", "first_demo": {"date": "", "precision": "none", "what": "No public demonstration date is documented in the fetched pages", "verification": ""}, "first_deployment": {"date": "2019", "precision": "year", "what": "Moxi officially rolled out in hospitals, per the maker's blog", "verification": "verified"}, "ai_stack": "NVIDIA-powered onboard compute with a proprietary robotic World Model trained on fleet data; built using NVIDIA Isaac Sim and Cosmos components", "business_model": "Robot-as-a-service tailored to each hospital; no price published", "different": "Hospital delivery robot with an arm that opens doors and operates elevators by itself, with software updated from data collected across its fleet.", "ideal_use": "Non-patient-facing hospital logistics: delivering medications, lab samples and supplies so clinical staff spend less time fetching.", "history": [{"date": "2026", "kind": "acquisition", "text": "Serve Robotics acquires Diligent Robotics, which continues as a subsidiary; the deal was announced in January 2026 and was expected to close in Q1 2026.", "verification": "verified"}], "cells": "--Y-NNY---PY----YYNP--YYY--PNYY--P------P", "checks": "..v.vvv...vv....vvvv..vvv..vvvv..v......v", "facts": {"verified": 36, "secondary": 0, "unverified": 0}, "unread": 0, "last_reviewed": "2026-10-19", "date": "2019", "primary_url": "https://www.diligentrobots.com/moxi", "description": "Hospital delivery robot with an arm that opens doors and operates elevators by itself, with software updated from data collected across its fleet."},
  {"id": "dji-agras", "name": "DJI Agras", "former_names": [], "maker": "DJI", "country": "China", "category": "agricultural", "country_sourced": true, "verification_note": "Pages and the T100 manual describe sensing, obstacle bypass and automatic routes but name no learned model. Home page, launch release and Mexico release give different fleet counts (300,000, 500,000, 400,000 in use). No filing or regulator record was read.", "regulator_records": "not_checked", "status": "commercial", "first_demo": {"date": "2015-11", "precision": "month", "what": "DJI Agriculture created and Agras MG-1 released", "verification": "verified"}, "first_deployment": {"date": "2016-04", "precision": "month", "what": "Earliest sale on the History page: Agras products sold to Southeast Asia, Japan, South Korea", "verification": "verified"}, "ai_stack": "LiDAR, Penta-Vision camera and millimeter-wave radar obstacle sensing; no learned model is named", "business_model": "Sold through authorized dealers", "different": "Agricultural drones for spraying, spreading and lifting that use LiDAR, vision cameras and millimeter-wave radar for obstacle sensing.", "ideal_use": "Spraying and spreading on grain crops, commercial crops and orchards.", "history": [], "cells": "----Y-PY-YY------------YP----YYNPY-----PY", "checks": "....v.vv.vv............vv....vvvvv.....vv", "facts": {"verified": 31, "secondary": 0, "unverified": 0}, "unread": 0, "last_reviewed": "2026-10-09", "date": "2015-11", "primary_url": "https://ag.dji.com/", "description": "Agricultural drones for spraying, spreading and lifting that use LiDAR, vision cameras and millimeter-wave radar for obstacle sensing."},
  {"id": "droid-dataset", "name": "DROID", "former_names": [], "maker": "DROID Dataset Team (Stanford, UC Berkeley, TRI and others)", "country": "United States", "category": "platform", "country_sourced": false, "verification_note": "", "regulator_records": "not_applicable", "status": "research", "first_demo": {"date": "2024-03-19", "precision": "day", "what": "DROID paper submitted to arXiv (v1)", "verification": "verified"}, "first_deployment": {"date": "", "precision": "none", "what": "No use outside the authors' group is documented with a date on the checked pages", "verification": ""}, "ai_stack": "Diffusion policies trained on DROID demonstrations (paper evaluation)", "business_model": "Free dataset under CC-BY 4.0", "different": "A dataset of 76k teleoperated manipulation trajectories on one Franka Panda platform, recorded in 564 scenes in homes, offices and labs on three continents.", "ideal_use": "Training and co-training robot manipulation policies for better generalisation across scenes, with a reproducible hardware setup.", "history": [], "cells": "N-YNNNP---YP-----YYYY---Y-Y------PYY-----", "checks": "v.vvvvv...vv.....vvvv...v.v......vvv.....", "facts": {"verified": 29, "secondary": 1, "unverified": 0}, "unread": 0, "last_reviewed": "2026-10-19", "date": "2024-03-19", "primary_url": "https://droid-dataset.github.io", "description": "A dataset of 76k teleoperated manipulation trajectories on one Franka Panda platform, recorded in 564 scenes in homes, offices and labs on three continents."},
  {"id": "figure-humanoid", "name": "Figure 03", "former_names": [], "maker": "Figure AI", "country": "United States", "category": "humanoid", "country_sourced": true, "verification_note": "", "regulator_records": "not_checked", "status": "pilot", "first_demo": {"date": "2023-05", "precision": "month", "what": "Figure 01, the first-generation robot, took its first steps (date as stated by the maker)", "verification": "verified"}, "first_deployment": {"date": "2025", "precision": "year", "what": "Figure 02 deployed on a BMW Group assembly line at Plant Spartanburg", "verification": "verified"}, "ai_stack": "Helix vision-language-action model (Helix 2.5), with a learned whole-body controller", "business_model": "Commercial deployment agreements; robots-as-a-service planned for homes", "different": "A full-size biped humanoid with tactile fingertips and palm cameras, run by Helix, a single neural system from pixels to whole-body motion.", "ideal_use": "Household tasks such as laundry, cleaning and dishes, and logistics work in factories and warehouses.", "history": [], "cells": "YNYYNNY---YPYYY--YNYYYPYYYYYNPY--Y---P-PP", "checks": "vvvvvvv...vvvvv..vvvvvvvvvvvvvv..v...v.vv", "facts": {"verified": 56, "secondary": 0, "unverified": 0}, "unread": 0, "last_reviewed": "2026-10-19", "date": "2023-05", "primary_url": "https://www.figure.ai/", "description": "A full-size biped humanoid with tactile fingertips and palm cameras, run by Helix, a single neural system from pixels to whole-body motion."},
  {"id": "gatik", "name": "Gatik Driver", "former_names": [], "maker": "Gatik", "country": "United States", "category": "autonomous-truck", "country_sourced": true, "verification_note": "", "regulator_records": "checked", "status": "commercial", "first_demo": {"date": "", "precision": "none", "what": "No first public demonstration is documented in the pages fetched", "verification": ""}, "first_deployment": {"date": "2019-06", "precision": "month", "what": "First commercial service for Walmart in Bentonville, Arkansas", "verification": "verified"}, "ai_stack": "Gatik Driver, a third-generation autonomous system combining AI with purpose-built hardware on NVIDIA in-vehicle compute", "business_model": "Freight service for retailers and consumer-goods firms under multi-year contracts", "different": "A driverless middle-mile freight service using 26- and 30-foot box trucks on fixed regional routes between distribution centers and stores, running with no driver or safety observer.", "ideal_use": "Moving goods on high-frequency regional routes between distribution centers and stores.", "history": [], "cells": "NNNNNYY--PYY-----Y---Y-YNNN--YYY-P---P--P", "checks": "vvvvvvv..vvv.....v...v.vvvv..vvv.v...v..v", "facts": {"verified": 39, "secondary": 1, "unverified": 0}, "unread": 0, "last_reviewed": "2026-10-19", "date": "2019-06", "primary_url": "https://gatik.ai/", "description": "A driverless middle-mile freight service using 26- and 30-foot box trucks on fixed regional routes between distribution centers and stores, running with no driver or safety observer."},
  {"id": "geekplus", "name": "Geek+ warehouse robots", "former_names": [], "maker": "Geek+ (Geekplus)", "country": "China", "category": "warehouse-mobile", "country_sourced": true, "verification_note": "The company is listed on HKEX (2590.HK) but the HKEX filings and Chinese-language pages could not be read, so scale and listing facts rest on its own web pages; month of listing is not on them. A prospectus or annual report would settle both.", "regulator_records": "not_checked", "status": "commercial", "first_demo": {"date": "2015", "precision": "year", "what": "Company timeline places its first wave of autonomous mobile robots in 2015; no demo event documented", "verification": "verified"}, "first_deployment": {"date": "", "precision": "none", "what": "No first customer deployment date is given in the fetched pages", "verification": ""}, "ai_stack": "Geek+ Brain software for item recognition and gripping decisions in robotic picking", "business_model": "Subscription-based services reported alongside system orders; no price published", "different": "A family of warehouse mobile robots (shelf, tote, pallet, sorting and forklift types) run from one integrated software platform.", "ideal_use": "Goods-to-person picking, sorting and transport in warehouses, fulfillment centers and factories.", "history": [{"date": "2025", "kind": "ownership", "text": "Geek+ lists on the Hong Kong stock exchange (2590.HK).", "verification": "verified"}], "cells": "--P---Y---P------------YP--P-YY-PY--PP-PY", "checks": "..v...v...v............vv..v.vv.vv..vv.vv", "facts": {"verified": 28, "secondary": 0, "unverified": 0}, "unread": 0, "last_reviewed": "2026-10-09", "date": "2015", "primary_url": "https://www.geekplus.com/", "description": "A family of warehouse mobile robots (shelf, tote, pallet, sorting and forklift types) run from one integrated software platform."},
  {"id": "gemini-robotics", "name": "Gemini Robotics 2", "former_names": [], "maker": "Google DeepMind", "country": "United Kingdom", "category": "foundation-model", "country_sourced": true, "verification_note": "", "regulator_records": "not_applicable", "status": "pilot", "first_demo": {"date": "2025-03-12", "precision": "day", "what": "Gemini Robotics and Gemini Robotics-ER introduced", "verification": "verified"}, "first_deployment": {"date": "2025-03-12", "precision": "day", "what": "Gemini Robotics-ER made available to named trusted testers", "verification": "verified"}, "ai_stack": "Gemini-based VLA and embodied-reasoning models (Gemini 2.0 base in the first release)", "business_model": "Early-access for VLA and On-Device; ER 2 via Gemini API", "different": "A family of Gemini-based models: a VLA for motor control, an embodied-reasoning model that plans and orchestrates, and an on-device VLA; version 2 adds whole-body humanoid control and multi-robot collaboration.", "ideal_use": "General-purpose control and planning for robots from bi-arm platforms to humanoids, with developers adapting the models to their hardware.", "history": [], "cells": "Y-YYNNY---Y-YYYY-YYYYP-YY-Y---P-----YY--Y", "checks": "v.vvvvv...v.vvvv.vvvvv.vv.v...v.....vv..v", "facts": {"verified": 37, "secondary": 0, "unverified": 1}, "unread": 0, "last_reviewed": "2026-10-20", "date": "2025-03-12", "primary_url": "https://deepmind.google/models/gemini-robotics/", "description": "A family of Gemini-based models: a VLA for motor control, an embodied-reasoning model that plans and orchestrates, and an on-device VLA; version 2 adds whole-body humanoid control and multi-robot collaboration."},
  {"id": "intuitive-da-vinci-5", "name": "da Vinci 5", "former_names": [], "maker": "Intuitive Surgical", "country": "United States", "category": "surgical-medical", "country_sourced": true, "verification_note": "", "regulator_records": "checked", "status": "commercial", "first_demo": {"date": "", "precision": "none", "what": "No public demonstration date is documented in the fetched pages", "verification": ""}, "first_deployment": {"date": "2024", "precision": "year", "what": "da Vinci 5 systems placed with customers in 2024 after FDA clearance (362 placements that year)", "verification": "verified"}, "ai_stack": "Case Insights, a computational observer that uses AI to evaluate system data, kinematics and video; instrument motion is controlled by the surgeon", "business_model": "Systems sold or leased, including usage-based leases; instruments and accessories sold per procedure", "different": "Fifth-generation da Vinci system with force feedback instruments, more than 10,000 times the computing power of da Vinci Xi, and AI-based post-operative analysis; the surgeon controls the instruments.", "ideal_use": "Surgeon-controlled minimally invasive surgery across specialties indicated for da Vinci Xi, except cardiac and pediatric indications in the US clearance.", "history": [], "cells": "N-YNNNPYPYPY------P------Y--N-Y-YY---PYY-", "checks": "v.vvvvvvvvvv......v......v..v.v.vv...vvv.", "facts": {"verified": 42, "secondary": 0, "unverified": 0}, "unread": 7, "last_reviewed": "2026-10-20", "date": "2024", "primary_url": "https://www.intuitive.com/en-us/products-and-services/da-vinci/5", "description": "Fifth-generation da Vinci system with force feedback instruments, more than 10,000 times the computing power of da Vinci Xi, and AI-based post-operative analysis; the surgeon controls the instruments."},
  {"id": "irobot-roomba", "name": "iRobot Roomba", "former_names": [], "maker": "iRobot Corporation", "country": "United States", "category": "home-robot", "country_sourced": true, "verification_note": "", "regulator_records": "not_checked", "status": "commercial", "first_demo": {"date": "2002", "precision": "year", "what": "Roomba robot vacuum introduced", "verification": "verified"}, "first_deployment": {"date": "2002", "precision": "year", "what": "Roomba introduced; sold to consumers since then", "verification": "verified"}, "ai_stack": "iRobot OS; on 2026 models, ClearView Pro LiDAR mapping and PrecisionVision AI object recognition for obstacle avoidance", "business_model": "Sold through retailers, distributors and an online store; extended service plans offered", "different": "Wi-Fi Roomba robot vacuums and mops run iRobot OS; since January 2026 the maker has been wholly owned by its former contract manufacturer, Picea.", "ideal_use": "Vacuuming and mopping household floors, with a dock that empties debris and washes the mop pad.", "history": [{"date": "2024-01-28", "kind": "ownership", "text": "iRobot and Amazon mutually agree to terminate their 2022 merger agreement; Amazon pays a 94 million dollar termination fee.", "verification": "verified"}, {"date": "2025-12-14", "kind": "ownership", "text": "iRobot files prepackaged chapter 11 cases and signs a restructuring support agreement under which Picea would acquire it.", "verification": "verified"}, {"date": "2026-01-23", "kind": "acquisition", "text": "Picea completes its acquisition of 100 percent of iRobot equity as iRobot emerges from chapter 11.", "verification": "verified"}], "cells": "-Y----Y---YY-----------Y---Y--Y--Y-------", "checks": ".v....v...vv...........v...v..v..v.......", "facts": {"verified": 31, "secondary": 0, "unverified": 0}, "unread": 0, "last_reviewed": "2026-10-20", "date": "2002", "primary_url": "https://www.irobot.com/", "description": "Wi-Fi Roomba robot vacuums and mops run iRobot OS; since January 2026 the maker has been wholly owned by its former contract manufacturer, Picea."},
  {"id": "jhu-srt-h", "name": "SRT-H (Hierarchical Surgical Robot Transformer)", "former_names": [], "maker": "Johns Hopkins University and Stanford University", "country": "United States", "category": "surgical-medical", "country_sourced": false, "verification_note": "", "regulator_records": "not_applicable", "status": "research", "first_demo": {"date": "2024-07-17", "precision": "day", "what": "Surgical Robot Transformer (SRT) paper posted: three surgical tasks on the da Vinci Research Kit", "verification": "verified"}, "first_deployment": {"date": "", "precision": "none", "what": "No use outside the laboratory is documented; trials were on ex vivo pig gallbladders", "verification": ""}, "ai_stack": "High-level language policy plus low-level trajectory policy; Swin-T and EfficientNet vision encoders, frozen DistilBERT text encoder", "business_model": "", "different": "Research framework in which a language-planning policy and a trajectory policy perform a multi-minute cholecystectomy sequence autonomously on ex vivo tissue, with a human able to correct it by voice.", "ideal_use": "Research toward autonomous surgical steps; demonstrated on clipping and cutting during ex vivo cholecystectomy, not on patients.", "history": [], "cells": "N-YNNNYP-Y--PYY-Y--Y----YYY-N------------", "checks": "v.vvvvvv.v..vvv.v..v....vvv.v............", "facts": {"verified": 27, "secondary": 0, "unverified": 0}, "unread": 1, "last_reviewed": "2026-10-20", "date": "2024-07-17", "primary_url": "https://h-surgical-robot-transformer.github.io/", "description": "Research framework in which a language-planning policy and a trajectory policy perform a multi-minute cholecystectomy sequence autonomously on ex vivo tissue, with a human able to correct it by voice."},
  {"id": "john-deere-autonomous-tractor", "name": "John Deere autonomous tractor", "former_names": [], "maker": "Deere & Company", "country": "United States", "category": "agricultural", "country_sourced": true, "verification_note": "Deere pages on deere.com carry their text inside page-source data, not visible markup, so the site check cannot read them; their quotes were confirmed in that source. They are undated and partly older (one says orders open soon, another says customers are testing). Deere press releases of Jan and Feb 2025 date the second-generation kit and its sale. 2022 launch rests on The Robot Report. No unit count, price or regulator record found.", "regulator_records": "not_checked", "status": "commercial", "first_demo": {"date": "2022-01", "precision": "month", "what": "Autonomous 8R tractor revealed at CES 2022 (month from the report's date)", "verification": "secondary"}, "first_deployment": {"date": "", "precision": "none", "what": "No customer deployment with a date is documented in the pages read", "verification": ""}, "ai_stack": "Camera images pass through a neural network that judges whether the ground ahead is safe to drive over, in about 100 ms.", "business_model": "Autonomy Ready option on new tractors, or the Autonomy Precision Upgrade for existing ones.", "different": "A large row-crop tractor made autonomous with six pairs of stereo cameras and no LiDAR in its first generation, first for tillage.", "ideal_use": "Autonomous tillage on large farms, with the farmer free to do other jobs while the tractor works.", "history": [{"date": "2017-09", "kind": "acquisition", "text": "Deere acquires Blue River Technology, the machine-learning farm robotics startup, for $305 million (report dated 2017-09-07).", "verification": "secondary"}, {"date": "2021-08", "kind": "acquisition", "text": "Deere announces it is acquiring Bear Flag Robotics, a developer of tractor autonomy, for $250 million (report dated 2021-08-05).", "verification": "secondary"}, {"date": "2022-05", "kind": "acquisition", "text": "Deere acquires patents and staff from Light, a camera-based perception company (report dated 2022-05-19).", "verification": "secondary"}], "cells": "NY----YP--Y-P----Y-----P------Y--------PP", "checks": "ss....vv..v.s....v.....v......v........vv", "facts": {"verified": 14, "secondary": 14, "unverified": 0}, "unread": 0, "last_reviewed": "2026-10-10", "date": "2022-01", "primary_url": "https://www.deere.com/en/autonomous/", "description": "A large row-crop tractor made autonomous with six pairs of stereo cameras and no LiDAR in its first generation, first for tillage."},
  {"id": "john-deere-see-and-spray", "name": "See & Spray", "former_names": [], "maker": "Blue River Technology (John Deere)", "country": "United States", "category": "agricultural", "country_sourced": false, "verification_note": "All statements come from one site, that of the maker's subsidiary Blue River Technology; John Deere's own pages could not be read.", "regulator_records": "not_checked", "status": "commercial", "first_demo": {"date": "", "precision": "none", "what": "No public first demonstration is documented on the pages fetched", "verification": ""}, "first_deployment": {"date": "2022", "precision": "year", "what": "Adoption by customers counted from 2022, now across 15 states", "verification": "verified"}, "ai_stack": "Deep learning models and computer vision on 36 cameras", "business_model": "", "different": "A sprayer-mounted system that uses cameras and deep learning to tell crops from weeds in real time and sprays only the weeds, in place of broadcast spraying.", "ideal_use": "Spraying herbicide only on weeds in row crops such as corn, soybeans, wheat, canola and sugarbeets.", "history": [], "cells": "N-N-N-P---Y-P----Y------N-----Y----------", "checks": "v.v.v.v...v.v....v......v.....v..........", "facts": {"verified": 20, "secondary": 0, "unverified": 0}, "unread": 0, "last_reviewed": "2026-10-21", "date": "2022", "primary_url": "https://bluerivertechnology.com/products/", "description": "A sprayer-mounted system that uses cameras and deep learning to tell crops from weeds in real time and sprays only the weeds, in place of broadcast spraying."},
  {"id": "kodiak-driver", "name": "Kodiak Driver", "former_names": ["Kodiak Robotics"], "maker": "Kodiak AI, Inc.", "country": "United States", "category": "autonomous-truck", "country_sourced": true, "verification_note": "", "regulator_records": "checked", "status": "commercial", "first_demo": {"date": "", "precision": "none", "what": "No dated first public demonstration is documented in the pages fetched", "verification": ""}, "first_deployment": {"date": "2019", "precision": "year", "what": "Freight deliveries begin on the Dallas to Houston route, with safety drivers in the cab", "verification": "verified"}, "ai_stack": "GigaFusionNet multimodal foundation network on camera, lidar and radar; NVIDIA DRIVE Hyperion planned", "business_model": "Customer-owned trucks fitted with the Kodiak Driver; Driver-as-a-Service planned", "different": "A single driving system for trucks that runs with no one in the cab in the Permian Basin for a customer-owned fleet, while its public-highway launch is still pending its safety case.", "ideal_use": "Hauling freight by truck, from off-road oilfield sand delivery to long-haul highway lanes.", "history": [{"date": "2025-04-14", "kind": "merger", "text": "Kodiak Robotics, Inc. agrees a business combination with Ares Acquisition Corporation II to become publicly listed.", "verification": "verified"}, {"date": "2025-09", "kind": "rename", "text": "By September 2025 the company is styled Kodiak AI, Inc.; the April 2025 release styled it Kodiak Robotics, Inc.", "verification": "verified"}], "cells": "NNNNNYY--PYYYY-Y-Y---PYYNNN--YYYPP---Y-YY", "checks": "vvvvvvv..vvvvv.v.v...vvvvvv..vvvvv...v.vv", "facts": {"verified": 49, "secondary": 0, "unverified": 0}, "unread": 0, "last_reviewed": "2026-10-18", "date": "2019", "primary_url": "https://kodiak.ai/", "description": "A single driving system for trucks that runs with no one in the cab in the Permian Basin for a customer-owned fleet, while its public-highway launch is still pending its safety case."},
  {"id": "lerobot", "name": "LeRobot", "former_names": [], "maker": "Hugging Face", "country": "United States", "category": "platform", "country_sourced": false, "verification_note": "", "regulator_records": "not_applicable", "status": "research", "first_demo": {"date": "2024-05", "precision": "month", "what": "LeRobot open-source library announced", "verification": "verified"}, "first_deployment": {"date": "2024-05", "precision": "month", "what": "Public release of the open-source library", "verification": "verified"}, "ai_stack": "PyTorch policies (ACT, Diffusion, Pi0, SmolVLA, GR00T and others) trained on LeRobotDataset data", "business_model": "Free and open source (Apache 2.0)", "different": "An open-source PyTorch library with a common Robot interface, a streaming dataset format and shared pretrained policies, supporting low-cost arms such as the SO-101 up to humanoids.", "ideal_use": "Collecting teleoperated robot data, training imitation, reinforcement-learning and VLA policies, and deploying them on low-cost hardware.", "history": [], "cells": "-PYP--Y-----YYY-PYYYYY------------YYY----", "checks": ".vvv..v.....vvv.vvvvvv............svv....", "facts": {"verified": 30, "secondary": 1, "unverified": 0}, "unread": 0, "last_reviewed": "2026-10-21", "date": "2024-05", "primary_url": "https://github.com/huggingface/lerobot", "description": "An open-source PyTorch library with a common Robot interface, a streaming dataset format and shared pretrained policies, supporting low-cost arms such as the SO-101 up to humanoids."},
  {"id": "locus-origin", "name": "Locus Origin", "former_names": [], "maker": "Locus Robotics", "country": "United States", "category": "warehouse-mobile", "country_sourced": true, "verification_note": "", "regulator_records": "not_checked", "status": "commercial", "first_demo": {"date": "", "precision": "none", "what": "No unveiling date for Origin or the first Locus robot in the fetched pages", "verification": ""}, "first_deployment": {"date": "2016", "precision": "year", "what": "First enterprise deployments of Locus robots begin in real warehouses", "verification": "verified"}, "ai_stack": "LocusONE orchestration platform with LocusIntelligence AI", "business_model": "Robots-as-a-Service subscription", "different": "A person-to-goods warehouse AMR: associates pick while Origin carries totes or bins, with no fixed infrastructure, run on one fleet beside Vector and Array robots under LocusONE.", "ideal_use": "Collaborative order picking, putaway, replenishment, returns, sortation and transport in warehouses.", "history": [{"date": "2026", "kind": "acquisition", "text": "Locus Robotics acquired Nexera Robotics to expand intelligent manipulation capabilities.", "verification": "verified"}], "cells": "--N---PY--P------------YN--P-YY-PY--P--P-", "checks": "..v...vv..v............vv..v.vv.vv..v..v.", "facts": {"verified": 30, "secondary": 0, "unverified": 0}, "unread": 0, "last_reviewed": "2026-10-21", "date": "2016", "primary_url": "https://locusrobotics.com/platform/locus-origin", "description": "A person-to-goods warehouse AMR: associates pick while Origin carries totes or bins, with no fixed infrastructure, run on one fleet beside Vector and Array robots under LocusONE."},
  {"id": "matic-vacuum", "name": "Matic", "former_names": [], "maker": "Matic", "country": "United States", "category": "home-robot", "country_sourced": true, "verification_note": "", "regulator_records": "checked", "status": "commercial", "first_demo": {"date": "2018", "precision": "year", "what": "First demos of the Matic robot, per the company timeline", "verification": "verified"}, "first_deployment": {"date": "2024", "precision": "year", "what": "Production begins and the first 400 robots ship", "verification": "verified"}, "ai_stack": "Vision-based perception and navigation on an onboard NVIDIA processor", "business_model": "Consumer purchase from 1,495 USD with a 6-month return period", "different": "A vacuum and mop robot that maps and navigates using five cameras and on-device processing, with voice and gesture control, and no cloud needed for maps or cleaning data.", "ideal_use": "Vacuuming and mopping floors in family homes, including around toys, cables and pets.", "history": [], "cells": "-Y----Y---YYP-Y-PYP---YY---Y--Y-PY-------", "checks": ".v....v...vvv.v.vvv...vv...v..v.vv.......", "facts": {"verified": 33, "secondary": 1, "unverified": 0}, "unread": 0, "last_reviewed": "2026-10-10", "date": "2018", "primary_url": "https://maticrobots.com/product", "description": "A vacuum and mop robot that maps and navigates using five cameras and on-device processing, with voice and gesture control, and no cloud needed for maps or cleaning data."},
  {"id": "may-mobility", "name": "May Mobility", "former_names": [], "maker": "May Mobility, Inc.", "country": "United States", "category": "passenger-av", "country_sourced": true, "verification_note": "", "regulator_records": "checked", "status": "commercial", "first_demo": {"date": "", "precision": "none", "what": "No first public demonstration was read from a fetched source", "verification": ""}, "first_deployment": {"date": "2023-04", "precision": "month", "what": "Earliest public-road service found in fetched pages: Sun City, Arizona, with a safety operator", "verification": "verified"}, "ai_stack": "Multi-Policy Decision Making: world model plus multi-policy reasoning engine using deep-learned policies", "business_model": "Autonomy-as-a-Service: supplies autonomy to partners that own and run the vehicles", "different": "Simulates hundreds of possible futures on the vehicle every 200 milliseconds and chooses among several candidate driving strategies, including deep-learned ones; offered as a service to partners.", "ideal_use": "Autonomous ride-hail and transit service delivered with ride-hail platforms, cities, campuses and businesses.", "history": [{"date": "2026-09-16", "kind": "merger", "text": "May Mobility agreed a business combination with ACP Holdings Acquisition Corp. to list on Nasdaq; closing is expected.", "verification": "verified"}], "cells": "NNNNNYYP-PYYP--P-YN--PYYNNNYY-YY-----P-YY", "checks": "vvvvvvvv.vvvv..v.vv..vvvvvvvv.vv.....v.vv", "facts": {"verified": 45, "secondary": 0, "unverified": 0}, "unread": 0, "last_reviewed": "2026-10-21", "date": "2023-04", "primary_url": "https://maymobility.com/", "description": "Simulates hundreds of possible futures on the vehicle every 200 milliseconds and chooses among several candidate driving strategies, including deep-learned ones; offered as a service to partners."},
  {"id": "medtronic-hugo", "name": "Hugo RAS system", "former_names": [], "maker": "Medtronic", "country": "Ireland", "category": "surgical-medical", "country_sourced": true, "verification_note": "", "regulator_records": "checked", "status": "commercial", "first_demo": {"date": "", "precision": "none", "what": "No public demonstration date is documented in the fetched pages", "verification": ""}, "first_deployment": {"date": "", "precision": "none", "what": "First-use date not stated; the product page says it has been in use more than four years", "verification": ""}, "ai_stack": "Surgeon-operated robot; the Touch Surgery ecosystem is a separate AI-powered video and analytics solution", "business_model": "Sold to hospitals and health systems through Medtronic representatives; price not published", "different": "Robotic-assisted surgery system with an open surgeon console and modular arm carts that can be positioned to suit different procedures.", "ideal_use": "Surgeon-operated robotic-assisted soft-tissue surgery; cleared in the US for urologic procedures, with general and gynecologic indications in progress.", "history": [], "cells": "N-YNNN-Y-YPY-------------Y--N-Y-Y-----Y--", "checks": "v.vvvv.v.vvv.............v..v.v.v.....v..", "facts": {"verified": 25, "secondary": 0, "unverified": 0}, "unread": 13, "last_reviewed": "2026-10-06", "date": "", "primary_url": "https://www.medtronic.com/covidien/en-us/robotic-assisted-surgery/hugo-ras-system.html", "description": "Robotic-assisted surgery system with an open surgeon console and modular arm carts that can be positioned to suit different procedures."},
  {"id": "mobile-aloha", "name": "Mobile ALOHA", "former_names": [], "maker": "Stanford University", "country": "United States", "category": "manipulator", "country_sourced": false, "verification_note": "", "regulator_records": "not_applicable", "status": "research", "first_demo": {"date": "2024-01-04", "precision": "day", "what": "Mobile ALOHA paper submitted to arXiv", "verification": "verified"}, "first_deployment": {"date": "", "precision": "none", "what": "No deployment is documented", "verification": ""}, "ai_stack": "Imitation-learned policies (ACT, Diffusion Policy, VINN) co-trained on static ALOHA data", "business_model": "Open-source hardware and code; paper states a build cost of $32k", "different": "A low-cost bimanual mobile manipulator with whole-body teleoperation for data collection, whose policies are trained by behavior cloning and co-training with static ALOHA data.", "ideal_use": "Research on imitation learning of bimanual mobile manipulation tasks such as cooking, cabinet use and elevator calling.", "history": [], "cells": "NYY---Y---Y-Y----Y-YY--YYYY-------YP-----", "checks": "vvv...v...v.v....v.vv..vvvv.......vv.....", "facts": {"verified": 28, "secondary": 0, "unverified": 0}, "unread": 0, "last_reviewed": "2026-10-06", "date": "2024-01-04", "primary_url": "https://mobile-aloha.github.io", "description": "A low-cost bimanual mobile manipulator with whole-body teleoperation for data collection, whose policies are trained by behavior cloning and co-training with static ALOHA data."},
  {"id": "mobileye-drive", "name": "Mobileye Drive", "former_names": [], "maker": "Mobileye Global Inc.", "country": "Israel", "category": "passenger-av", "country_sourced": true, "verification_note": "Drive is in testing and validation, not driverless commercial service: its 10-K says so, and most capability statements are Mobileye's own. The only rides described are a limited 2023 Oslo pilot with a safety driver. The German permit share is Mobileye's reading of KBA data and is not confirmed by KBA or operator pages. NHTSA records name no Drive recall or investigation. Mobileye Chauffeur (consumer eyes-off) is a separate product not recorded here.", "regulator_records": "checked", "status": "pilot", "first_demo": {"date": "2020-05-28", "precision": "day", "what": "Unedited 40-minute video of a Mobileye test AV driving in Jerusalem (earliest dated item read)", "verification": "verified"}, "first_deployment": {"date": "2023", "precision": "year", "what": "First trials of Mobileye Drive with Ruter and Holo at Groruddalen, Norway", "verification": "verified"}, "ai_stack": "Compound AI perception and driving policy on four EyeQ 6 High chips, with REM crowdsourced maps and RSS", "business_model": "Self-driving system supplied to automakers and mobility operators; own US robotaxi service planned from 2027.", "different": "A driverless system built on two independent standalone sensing subsystems, a camera system and a radar-lidar system.", "ideal_use": "Driverless robotaxi, ride-pooling, public transport and goods delivery services run by automakers and transport operators.", "history": [{"date": "2022", "kind": "ownership", "text": "Mobileye is listed independently from Intel, which retains majority ownership.", "verification": "verified"}], "cells": "N-NNNYY-PYYYP--Y-YP--YPYNNNYPPP-PP---P-PY", "checks": "v.vvvvv.vvvvv..v.vv..vvvvvvvvvv.vv...v.vv", "facts": {"verified": 47, "secondary": 0, "unverified": 0}, "unread": 0, "last_reviewed": "2026-10-09", "date": "2020-05-28", "primary_url": "https://www.mobileye.com/solutions/drive/", "description": "A driverless system built on two independent standalone sensing subsystems, a camera system and a radar-lidar system."},
  {"id": "monarch-tractor", "name": "Monarch MK-V", "former_names": [], "maker": "Monarch Tractor", "country": "United States", "category": "agricultural", "country_sourced": true, "verification_note": "The maker's site returned 404 on 2026-10-09 (a DNS failure on 2026-10-06), so the status rests on TechCrunch reporting of an asset acquisition by Caterpillar, taken from patent filings and a Monarch statement, and on the maker's 2024 release. No maker or regulator page confirms the shutdown. A Caterpillar or Monarch statement or court filing would settle it.", "regulator_records": "checked", "status": "discontinued", "first_demo": {"date": "", "precision": "none", "what": "No date stated; TechCrunch (Dec 2022) says it was unveiled 'a bit under two or so years ago'", "verification": ""}, "first_deployment": {"date": "2022-12", "precision": "month", "what": "First MK-V released and delivered to a customer", "verification": "verified"}, "ai_stack": "NVIDIA Jetson platform for driver assistance and driver-optional modes; WingspanAI farm software", "business_model": "Tractor sales; from late 2024 licensing of its autonomy technology and farm-management software", "different": "A tractor marketed as driver-optional, with 360-degree cameras for safety features and a 'show mode' in which it follows a worker.", "ideal_use": "Work in vineyards, orchards and other specialty crops, and land management.", "history": [{"date": "2026-04-15", "kind": "acquisition", "text": "TechCrunch reports Monarch's assets were acquired by Caterpillar, per patent filings, after Monarch's own statement of an unnamed buyer.", "verification": "secondary"}, {"date": "2026-01", "kind": "shutdown", "text": "A court filing, as reported by TechCrunch, says Monarch entered an assignment for the benefit of creditors.", "verification": "secondary"}, {"date": "2026-01", "kind": "shutdown", "text": "A court filing, as reported by TechCrunch, says Monarch entered an assignment for the benefit of creditors.", "verification": "secondary"}], "cells": "N---NNPP--Y------------P------Y--Y-------", "checks": "v...vvvs..v............s......s..v.......", "facts": {"verified": 13, "secondary": 17, "unverified": 0}, "unread": 0, "last_reviewed": "2026-10-09", "date": "2022-12", "primary_url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/monarch-tractor-announces-133m-series-c-funding--marking-largest-ever-raise-in-agricultural-robotics-302202268.html", "description": "A tractor marketed as driver-optional, with 360-degree cameras for safety features and a 'show mode' in which it follows a worker."},
  {"id": "nuro", "name": "Nuro", "former_names": [], "maker": "Nuro, Inc.", "country": "United States", "category": "passenger-av", "country_sourced": true, "verification_note": "", "regulator_records": "checked", "status": "pilot", "first_demo": {"date": "2017", "precision": "year", "what": "Nuro builds its first-generation custom L4 vehicle", "verification": "verified"}, "first_deployment": {"date": "2018", "precision": "year", "what": "First commercial delivery with a custom L4 vehicle", "verification": "verified"}, "ai_stack": "End-to-end AI model with safeguards, unified perception foundation model, NVIDIA Thor compute", "business_model": "Licensing of the Nuro Driver and Nuro Toolkit to automakers and mobility platforms", "different": "A vehicle-agnostic AI driver licensed to automakers and mobility platforms; Nuro first built its own occupantless delivery vehicles and later changed course to licensing.", "ideal_use": "Driving robotaxis, commercial fleets and personal vehicles for partners, including a Lucid robotaxi on the Uber platform.", "history": [{"date": "2024", "kind": "relaunch", "text": "Nuro announces a new strategy of licensing its AV technology to OEMs and mobility providers, after building its own custom delivery vehicles.", "verification": "verified"}, {"date": "2025", "kind": "relaunch", "text": "Nuro, Uber and Lucid announce a global robotaxi program on the Uber platform.", "verification": "verified"}], "cells": "NNNNNYY-PPYYPP-Y-Y-Y-PPYNNNYPYY-YP--PYYYY", "checks": "vvvvvvv.vvvvvv.v.v.v.vvvvvvvvvv.vv..vvvvv", "facts": {"verified": 53, "secondary": 0, "unverified": 0}, "unread": 5, "last_reviewed": "2026-10-06", "date": "2017", "primary_url": "https://www.nuro.ai/", "description": "A vehicle-agnostic AI driver licensed to automakers and mobility platforms; Nuro first built its own occupantless delivery vehicles and later changed course to licensing."},
  {"id": "nvidia-cosmos", "name": "NVIDIA Cosmos", "former_names": [], "maker": "NVIDIA", "country": "United States", "category": "platform", "country_sourced": false, "verification_note": "", "regulator_records": "not_applicable", "status": "commercial", "first_demo": {"date": "2025-01-06", "precision": "day", "what": "Cosmos world foundation model platform announced at CES", "verification": "verified"}, "first_deployment": {"date": "2025-01-06", "precision": "day", "what": "First open models released to developers; early adopters named", "verification": "verified"}, "ai_stack": "Cosmos 3 omnimodal Mixture-of-Transformers world models (Reasoner and Generator; Reasoner built on Qwen3-VL)", "business_model": "Open models and code (OpenMDW-1.1); custom licensing on request", "different": "An open family of world foundation models and data tools that generate and reason about physical scenes and, in Cosmos 3, output robot actions as well as video, audio and text.", "ideal_use": "Generating synthetic data, simulating worlds and post-training policies for robots, autonomous vehicles and video analytics.", "history": [], "cells": "--Y---------YYYPYYYY-Y--Y-Y--------YYP---", "checks": "..v.........vvvvvvvv.v..v.v........vvv...", "facts": {"verified": 30, "secondary": 0, "unverified": 0}, "unread": 0, "last_reviewed": "2026-10-06", "date": "2025-01-06", "primary_url": "https://developer.nvidia.com/cosmos", "description": "An open family of world foundation models and data tools that generate and reason about physical scenes and, in Cosmos 3, output robot actions as well as video, audio and text."},
  {"id": "nvidia-gr00t", "name": "NVIDIA Isaac GR00T N1.7", "former_names": [], "maker": "NVIDIA", "country": "United States", "category": "foundation-model", "country_sourced": true, "verification_note": "", "regulator_records": "not_applicable", "status": "commercial", "first_demo": {"date": "2025-03-18", "precision": "day", "what": "GR00T N1 announced at GTC with 1X humanoid demo", "verification": "verified"}, "first_deployment": {"date": "2025-03-18", "precision": "day", "what": "GR00T N1 made available to developers; early-access partners named", "verification": "verified"}, "ai_stack": "Cosmos-Reason2-2B VLM backbone with a flow-matching diffusion transformer action head", "business_model": "Open weights; commercially licensable; commercial support for production", "different": "An open cross-embodiment vision-language-action model for humanoid robots, trained on robot, human-video and synthetic data and adapted to a robot by post-training.", "ideal_use": "Humanoid manipulation skills such as material handling, packaging and inspection, adapted to a robot by post-training.", "history": [], "cells": "Y-YYNNY---Y-YYYYYYYYYY--Y-Y---Y----YY---Y", "checks": "v.vvvvv...v.vvvvvvvvvv..v.v...v....vv...v", "facts": {"verified": 37, "secondary": 0, "unverified": 0}, "unread": 1, "last_reviewed": "2026-10-06", "date": "2025-03-18", "primary_url": "https://developer.nvidia.com/isaac/gr00t", "description": "An open cross-embodiment vision-language-action model for humanoid robots, trained on robot, human-video and synthetic data and adapted to a robot by post-training."},
  {"id": "nvidia-isaac", "name": "NVIDIA Isaac Sim and Isaac Lab", "former_names": ["Orbit"], "maker": "NVIDIA", "country": "United States", "category": "platform", "country_sourced": false, "verification_note": "", "regulator_records": "not_applicable", "status": "commercial", "first_demo": {"date": "2023-01-10", "precision": "day", "what": "Orbit paper (the framework Isaac Lab grew from) submitted to arXiv", "verification": "verified"}, "first_deployment": {"date": "2024-06-26", "precision": "day", "what": "Isaac Lab v1.0.0, described in its release notes as the first official release, published on GitHub", "verification": "verified"}, "ai_stack": "Isaac Sim (Omniverse, PhysX, RTX) with Isaac Lab RL and imitation-learning workflows", "business_model": "Free, open-source code (BSD-3 and Apache-2.0)", "different": "GPU-accelerated open-source robot learning framework built on the Isaac Sim simulator, covering reinforcement and imitation learning with physics, sensor and teleoperation tools.", "ideal_use": "Simulating and training policies for manipulators, legged and mobile robots, and generating synthetic data before real-robot deployment.", "history": [{"date": "2024-06-26", "kind": "rename", "text": "Orbit became Isaac Lab with v1.0.0, which added the OmniIsaacGymEnvs task-design workflow.", "verification": "verified"}], "cells": "YYYY-----------P---YPY-YY-Y--------YY----", "checks": "vvvv...........v...vvv.vv.v........vv....", "facts": {"verified": 31, "secondary": 0, "unverified": 0}, "unread": 0, "last_reviewed": "2026-10-21", "date": "2023-01-10", "primary_url": "https://developer.nvidia.com/isaac/sim", "description": "GPU-accelerated open-source robot learning framework built on the Isaac Sim simulator, covering reinforcement and imitation learning with physics, sensor and teleoperation tools."},
  {"id": "octo", "name": "Octo", "former_names": [], "maker": "UC Berkeley and collaborators", "country": "United States", "category": "foundation-model", "country_sourced": false, "verification_note": "", "regulator_records": "not_applicable", "status": "research", "first_demo": {"date": "2024-05-20", "precision": "day", "what": "Octo paper submitted to arXiv (v1)", "verification": "verified"}, "first_deployment": {"date": "", "precision": "none", "what": "Weights and code are public; release date not stated on fetched pages", "verification": ""}, "ai_stack": "Transformer-based diffusion policy with a T5-Base language encoder", "business_model": "", "different": "An open transformer diffusion policy pretrained on 800k Open X-Embodiment trajectories, accepting language or goal images and designed to be finetuned to new sensors and action spaces.", "ideal_use": "Starting point for finetuning generalist manipulation policies on new robot setups with small datasets.", "history": [], "cells": "--Y---Y-----YYYYY--YY---Y----------YY----", "checks": "..v...v.....vvvvv..vv...v..........vv....", "facts": {"verified": 23, "secondary": 0, "unverified": 0}, "unread": 0, "last_reviewed": "2026-10-06", "date": "2024-05-20", "primary_url": "https://octo-models.github.io", "description": "An open transformer diffusion policy pretrained on 800k Open X-Embodiment trajectories, accepting language or goal images and designed to be finetuned to new sensors and action spaces."},
  {"id": "onex-neo", "name": "NEO", "former_names": [], "maker": "1X Technologies", "country": "United States", "category": "humanoid", "country_sourced": true, "verification_note": "", "regulator_records": "not_checked", "status": "development", "first_demo": {"date": "2024", "precision": "year", "what": "NEO Beta shared publicly for the first time", "verification": "verified"}, "first_deployment": {"date": "", "precision": "none", "what": "No NEO delivery to a customer is documented; deliveries are planned for 2026", "verification": ""}, "ai_stack": "Redwood AI vision-language-action model, 1X World Model, on a Jetson Thor computer", "business_model": "Early Access purchase at $20,000 or $499 a month subscription (pre-order)", "different": "A soft-bodied, tendon-driven home humanoid that works autonomously by default and can be guided by a remote 1X Expert for chores it does not know.", "ideal_use": "Household chores and companionship at home, scheduled by the owner through an app.", "history": [{"date": "2025-01-27", "kind": "acquisition", "text": "1X acquired Kind Humanoid, which joined 1X to build humanoids.", "verification": "verified"}], "cells": "YNYYNNP-Y-YP-YY--PPYYYPYYY-YN-P--P---P-Y-", "checks": "vvvvvvv.v.vv.vv..vvvvvvvvv.vv.s..v...v.v.", "facts": {"verified": 43, "secondary": 5, "unverified": 0}, "unread": 1, "last_reviewed": "2026-10-06", "date": "2024", "primary_url": "https://www.1x.tech/neo", "description": "A soft-bodied, tendon-driven home humanoid that works autonomously by default and can be guided by a remote 1X Expert for chores it does not know."},
  {"id": "open-x-embodiment", "name": "Open X-Embodiment and RT-X", "former_names": [], "maker": "Open X-Embodiment Collaboration", "country": "United States", "category": "platform", "country_sourced": false, "verification_note": "", "regulator_records": "not_applicable", "status": "research", "first_demo": {"date": "2023-10-03", "precision": "day", "what": "Dataset and RT-1-X launched on DeepMind blog", "verification": "verified"}, "first_deployment": {"date": "2023-10-03", "precision": "day", "what": "Public release of the dataset and RT-1-X checkpoint", "verification": "verified"}, "ai_stack": "RT-1-X and RT-2-X models trained on the pooled dataset", "business_model": "Open dataset and checkpoints; Apache-2.0 repository licence", "different": "A pooled dataset of 22 robot embodiments in one standard format, with RT-1-X and RT-2-X models trained on it to test transfer across robots.", "ideal_use": "Training and evaluating generalist robot-manipulation policies across different robot bodies.", "history": [], "cells": "Y-Y---Y---Y-YYYY---Y----Y-----P----YY----", "checks": "v.v...v...v.vvvv...v....v.....v....vv....", "facts": {"verified": 25, "secondary": 0, "unverified": 0}, "unread": 0, "last_reviewed": "2026-10-06", "date": "2023-10-03", "primary_url": "https://robotics-transformer-x.github.io", "description": "A pooled dataset of 22 robot embodiments in one standard format, with RT-1-X and RT-2-X models trained on it to test transfer across robots."},
  {"id": "openvla", "name": "OpenVLA", "former_names": [], "maker": "Stanford University and collaborators", "country": "United States", "category": "foundation-model", "country_sourced": true, "verification_note": "", "regulator_records": "not_applicable", "status": "research", "first_demo": {"date": "2024-06-13", "precision": "day", "what": "Paper submitted to arXiv (v1)", "verification": "verified"}, "first_deployment": {"date": "2024-06-13", "precision": "day", "what": "Initial public release of code and checkpoints", "verification": "verified"}, "ai_stack": "Llama 2 7B with fused DINOv2 and SigLIP vision encoders", "business_model": "Free to download; MIT-licensed checkpoints and code", "different": "A 7B-parameter open vision-language-action model trained on Open X-Embodiment robot episodes that controls several robots out of the box and can be fine-tuned with LoRA on consumer GPUs.", "ideal_use": "Generalist robot manipulation policy to run zero-shot on supported robots or to fine-tune for new robot setups.", "history": [], "cells": "--Y---Y-----YYYYY-YYYY--Y----------YY----", "checks": "..v...v.....vvvvv.vvvv..v..........vv....", "facts": {"verified": 28, "secondary": 0, "unverified": 0}, "unread": 0, "last_reviewed": "2026-10-06", "date": "2024-06-13", "primary_url": "https://openvla.github.io", "description": "A 7B-parameter open vision-language-action model trained on Open X-Embodiment robot episodes that controls several robots out of the box and can be fine-tuned with LoRA on consumer GPUs."},
  {"id": "physical-intelligence-pi", "name": "Physical Intelligence π (pi) model family", "former_names": [], "maker": "Physical Intelligence", "country": "United States", "category": "foundation-model", "country_sourced": true, "verification_note": "", "regulator_records": "not_applicable", "status": "research", "first_demo": {"date": "2024-10-31", "precision": "day", "what": "pi0 paper submitted to arXiv (v1)", "verification": "verified"}, "first_deployment": {"date": "2025-02-04", "precision": "day", "what": "pi0 and pi0-FAST made publicly available via LeRobot/openpi", "verification": "secondary"}, "ai_stack": "Gemma3 4B VLM backbone with 860M-parameter flow-matching action expert (pi0.7)", "business_model": "", "different": "A family of vision-language-action models trained on data from many robot types; the newest, pi0.7, is prompted with language, metadata and subgoal images that steer how a task is done.", "ideal_use": "General-purpose control of dexterous manipulators for tasks such as laundry folding, box assembly and kitchen work, out of the box or after fine-tuning.", "history": [], "cells": "NYYNNNY---Y-YYYYYYYYY-PYYYY--------PY----", "checks": "vvvvvvv...v.vvvvvvvvv.vvvvv........vv....", "facts": {"verified": 38, "secondary": 2, "unverified": 0}, "unread": 0, "last_reviewed": "2026-10-06", "date": "2024-10-31", "primary_url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.15483", "description": "A family of vision-language-action models trained on data from many robot types; the newest, pi0.7, is prompted with language, metadata and subgoal images that steer how a task is done."},
  {"id": "plus-superdrive", "name": "SuperDrive", "former_names": [], "maker": "Plus Automation, Inc. (PlusAI)", "country": "United States", "category": "autonomous-truck", "country_sourced": false, "verification_note": "", "regulator_records": "checked", "status": "pilot", "first_demo": {"date": "2024-03-12", "precision": "day", "what": "Announces SuperDrive trucks already in public-road tests with a safety driver", "verification": "verified"}, "first_deployment": {"date": "2026-03-31", "precision": "day", "what": "Ryder-operated fleet trial of an International truck with SuperDrive on a Texas route", "verification": "verified"}, "ai_stack": "REASONING-REFLEX dual model: a vision-language model and an end-to-end transformer; NVIDIA Alpamayo adapted", "business_model": "Recurring Driver-as-a-Service model planned; commercial launch of factory-built trucks targeted for 2027", "different": "Virtual-driver software supplied to truck makers for factory-built Level 4 trucks, pairing a vision-language reasoning model with an end-to-end model and a redundant fallback computer.", "ideal_use": "Hub-to-hub long-haul freight in autonomous-ready trucks from truck manufacturers.", "history": [{"date": "2025-06", "kind": "merger", "text": "PlusAI announces a plan to go public by merging with Churchill Capital Corp IX; the March 2026 release still describes it.", "verification": "verified"}, {"date": "2026-09-03", "kind": "merger", "text": "PlusAI agrees a business combination with Texas Ventures Acquisition III Corp to become publicly listed.", "verification": "verified"}], "cells": "NNNNNYPPPYYYPP-PYYP--PYYNNN--YPP-----P-YY", "checks": "vvvvvvvvvvvvvv.vvvv..vvvvvv..vvv.....v.vv", "facts": {"verified": 46, "secondary": 0, "unverified": 0}, "unread": 0, "last_reviewed": "2026-10-06", "date": "2024-03-12", "primary_url": "https://plus.ai/", "description": "Virtual-driver software supplied to truck makers for factory-built Level 4 trucks, pairing a vision-language reasoning model with an end-to-end model and a redundant fallback computer."},
  {"id": "pony-ai", "name": "Pony.ai Robotaxi", "former_names": [], "maker": "Pony AI Inc.", "country": "China", "category": "passenger-av", "country_sourced": true, "verification_note": "", "regulator_records": "checked", "status": "commercial", "first_demo": {"date": "2018-02", "precision": "month", "what": "Autonomous fleet launched on open roads in Guangzhou, with a safety driver", "verification": "verified"}, "first_deployment": {"date": "", "precision": "none", "what": "First public rides are not dated in the pages fetched", "verification": ""}, "ai_stack": "Virtual Driver trained with the PonyWorld world model; NVIDIA DRIVE Orin computing unit", "business_model": "Per-ride fares, plus a joint deployment model with technology, platform and fleet partners", "different": "A robotaxi service built on a vehicle-agnostic Virtual Driver trained in the PonyWorld world model, run in China with partners such as Toyota, BAIC and GAC and abroad through Uber and others.", "ideal_use": "Public robotaxi rides in cities, hailed in the PonyPilot app and partner apps.", "history": [{"date": "2016-11", "kind": "spin_out", "text": "Pony AI Inc. is incorporated in the Cayman Islands, with a Delaware company the same month.", "verification": "verified"}], "cells": "NNNNNYY-PPYYP--Y-Y---Y-YNNNYY-YYYY----YYY", "checks": "vvvvvvv.vvvvv..v.v...v.vvvvvv.vvvv....vvv", "facts": {"verified": 50, "secondary": 0, "unverified": 0}, "unread": 0, "last_reviewed": "2026-10-06", "date": "2018-02", "primary_url": "https://ir.pony.ai/", "description": "A robotaxi service built on a vehicle-agnostic Virtual Driver trained in the PonyWorld world model, run in China with partners such as Toyota, BAIC and GAC and abroad through Uber and others."},
  {"id": "roborock-saros-z70", "name": "Roborock Saros Z70", "former_names": [], "maker": "Beijing Roborock Technology Co., Ltd.", "country": "China", "category": "home-robot", "country_sourced": true, "verification_note": "", "regulator_records": "not_checked", "status": "commercial", "first_demo": {"date": "2025-01", "precision": "month", "what": "Saros Z70 robot vacuum with mechanical arm launched", "verification": "verified"}, "first_deployment": {"date": "2025-01", "precision": "month", "what": "Saros Z70 launched; sold through Roborock store and retailers", "verification": "verified"}, "ai_stack": "AI-driven object recognition (108 preset objects, up to 50 user-defined) with a camera on the arm", "business_model": "", "different": "Robot vacuum and mop with a foldable five-axis arm and camera that lifts and relocates small items, such as socks and tissues, up to 300 g.", "ideal_use": "Vacuuming and mopping household floors while moving small obstacles aside or to set places.", "history": [], "cells": "NYY-NNYPY-YY--P--------YY--YN-Y-P----P--Y", "checks": "vvv.vvvvv.vv..v........vv..vv.v.v....v..v", "facts": {"verified": 32, "secondary": 0, "unverified": 0}, "unread": 0, "last_reviewed": "2026-10-06", "date": "2025-01", "primary_url": "https://us.roborock.com/pages/saros-z70", "description": "Robot vacuum and mop with a foldable five-axis arm and camera that lifts and relocates small items, such as socks and tissues, up to 300 g."},
  {"id": "rt-1", "name": "RT-1 (Robotics Transformer)", "former_names": [], "maker": "Google Research (Robotics at Google)", "country": "United States", "category": "foundation-model", "country_sourced": true, "verification_note": "", "regulator_records": "not_applicable", "status": "research", "first_demo": {"date": "2022-12-13", "precision": "day", "what": "RT-1 paper posted to arXiv and announced on Google Research blog", "verification": "verified"}, "first_deployment": {"date": "", "precision": "none", "what": "No deployment is documented", "verification": ""}, "ai_stack": "FiLM-conditioned EfficientNet, TokenLearner and a Transformer", "business_model": "Code and checkpoints released under the Apache licence", "different": "A multi-task transformer that tokenizes camera images, language instructions and motor commands to output arm and base actions at 3 Hz, trained on 130k real-robot episodes.", "ideal_use": "Controlling an Everyday Robots mobile manipulator for manipulation tasks in kitchen environments.", "history": [], "cells": "--Y---Y---Y-YYY----YYYP-Y-PN-----P-Y-----", "checks": "..v...v...v.vvv....vvvv.v.vv.....v.v.....", "facts": {"verified": 27, "secondary": 0, "unverified": 0}, "unread": 0, "last_reviewed": "2026-10-06", "date": "2022-12-13", "primary_url": "https://robotics-transformer1.github.io", "description": "A multi-task transformer that tokenizes camera images, language instructions and motor commands to output arm and base actions at 3 Hz, trained on 130k real-robot episodes."},
  {"id": "rt-2", "name": "RT-2", "former_names": [], "maker": "Google DeepMind", "country": "United Kingdom", "category": "foundation-model", "country_sourced": true, "verification_note": "", "regulator_records": "not_applicable", "status": "research", "first_demo": {"date": "2023-07-28", "precision": "day", "what": "RT-2 paper posted to arXiv and announced on DeepMind blog", "verification": "verified"}, "first_deployment": {"date": "", "precision": "none", "what": "No deployment is documented", "verification": ""}, "ai_stack": "PaLI-X (55B) or PaLM-E (12B) vision-language model co-fine-tuned with robot data", "business_model": "", "different": "A vision-language-action model that represents robot actions as text tokens and co-fine-tunes a web-trained vision-language model on robot data and web data.", "ideal_use": "Closed-loop control of a mobile manipulator from camera images and language commands, including unseen objects.", "history": [], "cells": "--Y---Y---Y-YYYP--YY-Y--Y----------------", "checks": "..v...v...v.vvvv..vv.v..v................", "facts": {"verified": 21, "secondary": 0, "unverified": 1}, "unread": 0, "last_reviewed": "2026-10-06", "date": "2023-07-28", "primary_url": "https://robotics-transformer2.github.io", "description": "A vision-language-action model that represents robot actions as text tokens and co-fine-tunes a web-trained vision-language model on robot data and web data."},
  {"id": "sanctuary-phoenix", "name": "Phoenix", "former_names": [], "maker": "Sanctuary AI (Sanctuary Cognitive Systems)", "country": "Canada", "category": "humanoid", "country_sourced": true, "verification_note": "From Sanctuary AI's own pages. Its June 2026 release deploys its AI on existing industrial arms and calls humanoids a future step, so Phoenix may no longer be the main product (not stated as withdrawn). Some dates come from the site's post list. The company's boilerplate says Phoenix was unveiled in 2022; the release says May 2023. No independent reports or unit counts were read.", "regulator_records": "not_checked", "status": "pilot", "first_demo": {"date": "2023-05-16", "precision": "day", "what": "Sanctuary AI unveils Phoenix, its sixth-generation general-purpose robot", "verification": "verified"}, "first_deployment": {"date": "2023-01", "precision": "month", "what": "Fifth-generation robot first commercially deployed (stated in the April 2024 release)", "verification": "verified"}, "ai_stack": "Carbon: deep learning and reinforcement learning with symbolic reasoning and language models.", "business_model": "", "different": "A humanoid general-purpose robot with 20-degree-of-freedom hands, run by the Carbon AI control system.", "ideal_use": "General-purpose robots for factory work, with a partnership to deploy them in the plants of automotive supplier Magna.", "history": [], "cells": "NYYYNNP-Y-PPP-YY---YYYP-Y---N-P--P---P-PP", "checks": "vvvvvvv.v.vvv.vv...vvvv.v...v.v..v...v.vv", "facts": {"verified": 40, "secondary": 0, "unverified": 0}, "unread": 0, "last_reviewed": "2026-10-09", "date": "2023-05-16", "primary_url": "https://www.sanctuary.ai/", "description": "A humanoid general-purpose robot with 20-degree-of-freedom hands, run by the Carbon AI control system."},
  {"id": "serve-robotics", "name": "Serve Robotics sidewalk robots", "former_names": [], "maker": "Serve Robotics Inc.", "country": "United States", "category": "delivery-ground", "country_sourced": true, "verification_note": "", "regulator_records": "not_checked", "status": "commercial", "first_demo": {"date": "", "precision": "none", "what": "No public demonstration date is documented in the fetched pages", "verification": ""}, "first_deployment": {"date": "", "precision": "none", "what": "No date for the first customer delivery is documented in the fetched pages", "verification": ""}, "ai_stack": "Proprietary AI models on the robot, with LiDAR, ultrasonic and camera sensors and cloud fleet software", "business_model": "Fees from delivery platforms such as Uber Eats and DoorDash, plus advertising and software revenue", "different": "A sidewalk delivery robot that the maker says operates at Level 4 autonomy, so that one remote supervisor can oversee several deliveries at once.", "ideal_use": "Delivering restaurant and store orders placed through delivery apps to customers at the curb on city sidewalks.", "history": [{"date": "2021-02", "kind": "spin_out", "text": "Serve's technology began in 2017 as a project at Postmates; after Uber bought Postmates, the IP was contributed to Serve in February 2021.", "verification": "verified"}, {"date": "2024-04-18", "kind": "ownership", "text": "Serve common stock begins trading on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the ticker SERV.", "verification": "verified"}, {"date": "2025-04-01", "kind": "acquisition", "text": "Serve acquires Voysys AB from Phantom Auto Inc.", "verification": "verified"}, {"date": "2025-08-15", "kind": "acquisition", "text": "Serve completes its acquisition of Vayu Robotics, Inc.", "verification": "verified"}, {"date": "2026-01-27", "kind": "acquisition", "text": "Serve completes its acquisition of Diligent Robotics, a maker of hospital assistant robots.", "verification": "verified"}], "cells": "N-NNNNY-PNYY---P-YP---PYNNNPNYYYPY---P-YY", "checks": "v.vvvvv.vvvv...v.vv...vvvvvvvvvvvv...v.vv", "facts": {"verified": 48, "secondary": 0, "unverified": 0}, "unread": 0, "last_reviewed": "2026-10-06", "date": "", "primary_url": "https://www.serverobotics.com/", "description": "A sidewalk delivery robot that the maker says operates at Level 4 autonomy, so that one remote supervisor can oversee several deliveries at once."},
  {"id": "skild-brain", "name": "Skild Brain", "former_names": [], "maker": "Skild AI", "country": "United States", "category": "foundation-model", "country_sourced": false, "verification_note": "", "regulator_records": "not_applicable", "status": "commercial", "first_demo": {"date": "2024-07-09", "precision": "day", "what": "Skild AI came out of stealth, describing its model's generalisation across robots", "verification": "verified"}, "first_deployment": {"date": "2025", "precision": "year", "what": "First live revenue from commercial deployments of the Skild Brain", "verification": "verified"}, "ai_stack": "Hierarchical high- and low-level action policies; S1 video-conditioned in-context learner", "business_model": "Paid deployments with customers and OEM partners; over $100M annual recurring revenue", "different": "One omni-bodied robot foundation model trained across many robot bodies using simulation, human video and teleoperation, with S1 learning new tasks from a single video prompt.", "ideal_use": "General-purpose control of robots in industrial, logistics and inspection work, fine-tuned for each task and deployed through partner robots.", "history": [{"date": "2026-04-15", "kind": "acquisition", "text": "Skild AI acquired the robotics division of Zebra Technologies, formerly Fetch Robotics.", "verification": "verified"}], "cells": "YPY---Y---Y-Y-NY---YYYYYYYY---Y-----P----", "checks": "vvv...v...v.v.vv...vvvvvvvv...v.....v....", "facts": {"verified": 36, "secondary": 0, "unverified": 0}, "unread": 0, "last_reviewed": "2026-10-06", "date": "2024-07-09", "primary_url": "https://www.skild.ai", "description": "One omni-bodied robot foundation model trained across many robot bodies using simulation, human video and teleoperation, with S1 learning new tasks from a single video prompt."},
  {"id": "skydio-x10", "name": "Skydio X10 and Dock", "former_names": [], "maker": "Skydio, Inc.", "country": "United States", "category": "drone", "country_sourced": true, "verification_note": "", "regulator_records": "not_checked", "status": "commercial", "first_demo": {"date": "2018", "precision": "year", "what": "Skydio launches its first drone, R1 (company founded 2014)", "verification": "verified"}, "first_deployment": {"date": "2018", "precision": "year", "what": "R1 launched to consumers; X10 Dock first shipped to a customer about a year before July 2026", "verification": "verified"}, "ai_stack": "Skydio Autonomy running on an onboard NVIDIA Jetson Orin GPU", "business_model": "Sold to public safety, military, utility and other customers, with optional Dock hardware and Command software add-ons", "different": "Multirotor with six navigation cameras and onboard obstacle avoidance that also flies in the dark, launched from a weatherproof Dock and piloted remotely through a browser.", "ideal_use": "Docked drones for 911 response, asset inspection, site security and emergency response, flown remotely.", "history": [], "cells": "NNNNYNYPYPYY---P-Y-----YNNN-N-YPYY--YY-PY", "checks": "vvvvvvvvvvvv...v.v.....vvvv.v.vvvv..vv.vv", "facts": {"verified": 47, "secondary": 0, "unverified": 0}, "unread": 0, "last_reviewed": "2026-10-06", "date": "2018", "primary_url": "https://www.skydio.com/x10", "description": "Multirotor with six navigation cameras and onboard obstacle avoidance that also flies in the dark, launched from a weatherproof Dock and piloted remotely through a browser."},
  {"id": "smolvla", "name": "SmolVLA", "former_names": [], "maker": "Hugging Face", "country": "United States", "category": "foundation-model", "country_sourced": true, "verification_note": "", "regulator_records": "not_applicable", "status": "research", "first_demo": {"date": "2025-06-02", "precision": "day", "what": "SmolVLA paper submitted to arXiv", "verification": "verified"}, "first_deployment": {"date": "2025-06-03", "precision": "day", "what": "Public release of the open-source model announced on the Hugging Face blog", "verification": "verified"}, "ai_stack": "SmolVLM-2 vision-language backbone with a flow-matching action expert", "business_model": "Free open-source model (450M parameters)", "different": "A small 450M-parameter open VLA pretrained on community-shared robot datasets, designed for single-GPU training, consumer hardware and asynchronous inference.", "ideal_use": "A base model to fine-tune on a user's own low-cost robot arm tasks such as pick-and-place.", "history": [], "cells": "--Y---Y-----YYYPY-YYPY--Y----------YY----", "checks": "..v...v.....vvvvv.vvvv..v..........vv....", "facts": {"verified": 28, "secondary": 0, "unverified": 0}, "unread": 1, "last_reviewed": "2026-10-06", "date": "2025-06-02", "primary_url": "https://huggingface.co/blog/smolvla", "description": "A small 450M-parameter open VLA pretrained on community-shared robot datasets, designed for single-GPU training, consumer hardware and asynchronous inference."},
  {"id": "starship-delivery", "name": "Starship Technologies delivery robots", "former_names": [], "maker": "Starship Technologies", "country": "Estonia", "category": "delivery-ground", "country_sourced": true, "verification_note": "", "regulator_records": "not_checked", "status": "commercial", "first_demo": {"date": "2015", "precision": "year", "what": "Starship stealth-launches its first delivery robot, 6C, and begins drive-testing in European cities", "verification": "verified"}, "first_deployment": {"date": "2018", "precision": "year", "what": "First commercial service launched in Milton Keynes, UK", "verification": "verified"}, "ai_stack": "Radars, ultrasonic sensors, neural networks and 12 cameras; autonomy runs on the robot", "business_model": "Delivery service sold through partnerships with grocery retailers, delivery apps and industrial sites", "different": "A six-wheeled sidewalk robot that travels at walking pace, operates at Level 4 autonomy with human remote assistants on standby, and delivers within about two miles of a store.", "ideal_use": "Delivering hot food, groceries and industrial supplies on sidewalks to customers who order in an app, generally within about two miles of a store.", "history": [], "cells": "NYNNNNY-Y-YY-----Y----YYNNNPNYYY-Y--YP-YY", "checks": "vvvvvvv.v.vv.....v....vvvvvvvvvv.v..vv.vv", "facts": {"verified": 49, "secondary": 0, "unverified": 0}, "unread": 0, "last_reviewed": "2026-10-06", "date": "2015", "primary_url": "https://www.starship.xyz", "description": "A six-wheeled sidewalk robot that travels at walking pace, operates at Level 4 autonomy with human remote assistants on standby, and delivers within about two miles of a store."},
  {"id": "stryker-mako", "name": "Mako SmartRobotics", "former_names": [], "maker": "Stryker", "country": "United States", "category": "surgical-medical", "country_sourced": true, "verification_note": "", "regulator_records": "checked", "status": "commercial", "first_demo": {"date": "", "precision": "none", "what": "No public demonstration date is documented in the fetched pages", "verification": ""}, "first_deployment": {"date": "", "precision": "none", "what": "No first-customer date is documented in the fetched pages", "verification": ""}, "ai_stack": "", "business_model": "Marketed directly to doctors, hospitals and other healthcare facilities; no price published", "different": "Surgeon-guided robotic arm for joint-replacement and spine procedures that combines 3D CT-based planning with haptic boundaries; the fourth-generation Mako 4 is built around the Q Guidance System.", "ideal_use": "Robotic-arm assisted total knee, total hip, partial knee, spine and shoulder surgery in which the surgeon executes a CT-based plan within haptic boundaries.", "history": [], "cells": "N-YNNNPY--PY-------------Y--N-Y-Y-----Y-P", "checks": "v.vvvvvv..vv.............v..v.v.v.....v.v", "facts": {"verified": 33, "secondary": 0, "unverified": 0}, "unread": 0, "last_reviewed": "2026-10-06", "date": "", "primary_url": "https://www.stryker.com/us/en/joint-replacement/systems/mako-robotic-arm-assisted-surgery.html", "description": "Surgeon-guided robotic arm for joint-replacement and spine procedures that combines 3D CT-based planning with haptic boundaries; the fourth-generation Mako 4 is built around the Q Guidance System."},
  {"id": "symbotic", "name": "Symbotic System (SymBot mobile robots)", "former_names": [], "maker": "Symbotic Inc.", "country": "United States", "category": "warehouse-mobile", "country_sourced": true, "verification_note": "", "regulator_records": "not_checked", "status": "commercial", "first_demo": {"date": "", "precision": "none", "what": "No first public demonstration is documented in the fetched pages", "verification": ""}, "first_deployment": {"date": "", "precision": "none", "what": "No first deployment date is documented; the 10-K says Walmart work began in 2015", "verification": ""}, "ai_stack": "Proprietary A.I.-powered software coordinating the Bots and robotic cells; Physical A.I.", "business_model": "System sale plus software maintenance and operation services", "different": "An integrated warehouse system in which SymBot mobile robots store and retrieve cases and totes in a dense storage structure, with robotic arms for palletizing, run by one software layer.", "ideal_use": "Automating the movement, storage and sorting of pallets, cases and eaches in distribution centers and store-based micro-fulfillment.", "history": [{"date": "2022-06-07", "kind": "merger", "text": "Business combination between SVF Investment Corp. 3 and Symbotic closed, making Symbotic a listed company.", "verification": "verified"}, {"date": "2025-01", "kind": "acquisition", "text": "Symbotic acquired the Advanced Systems and Robotics business from Walmart.", "verification": "verified"}], "cells": "--P---Y-P-P------------PP----YYP-Y-------", "checks": "..v...v.v.v............vv....vvv.v.......", "facts": {"verified": 28, "secondary": 0, "unverified": 0}, "unread": 0, "last_reviewed": "2026-10-10", "date": "", "primary_url": "https://www.symbotic.com/", "description": "An integrated warehouse system in which SymBot mobile robots store and retrieve cases and totes in a dense storage structure, with robotic arms for palletizing, run by one software layer."},
  {"id": "tesla-fsd", "name": "Tesla Full Self-Driving and Robotaxi", "former_names": [], "maker": "Tesla, Inc.", "country": "United States", "category": "passenger-av", "country_sourced": true, "verification_note": "", "regulator_records": "checked", "status": "commercial", "first_demo": {"date": "", "precision": "none", "what": "No earlier public demonstration was read from a fetched source", "verification": ""}, "first_deployment": {"date": "2020-10", "precision": "month", "what": "First FSD software update released to a limited number of Early Access Program users", "verification": "verified"}, "ai_stack": "Camera-only architecture with neural networks trained on data from the global fleet", "business_model": "FSD (Supervised) as a monthly subscription at $99; Robotaxi rides hailed through an app", "different": "One camera-based approach is sold as a driver-supervised feature for owners and also used for the Robotaxi ride-hailing service, with a purpose-built Cybercab planned for it.", "ideal_use": "Driving a Tesla with the driver actively supervising, for errands, commutes and road trips, and hailing Robotaxi rides in listed US cities.", "history": [], "cells": "NNNNNYPYYPYYP------Y--YYNNNYY-YP-Y---YYP-", "checks": "vvvvvvvvvsvvv......v..vvvvvvv.vs.v...vvv.", "facts": {"verified": 41, "secondary": 4, "unverified": 0}, "unread": 24, "last_reviewed": "2026-10-06", "date": "2020-10", "primary_url": "https://www.tesla.com/fsd", "description": "One camera-based approach is sold as a driver-supervised feature for owners and also used for the Robotaxi ride-hailing service, with a purpose-built Cybercab planned for it."},
  {"id": "tesla-optimus", "name": "Optimus", "former_names": [], "maker": "Tesla", "country": "United States", "category": "humanoid", "country_sourced": true, "verification_note": "Almost every statement here comes from news reporting, some of it relaying a single paywalled report; Tesla's own Optimus pages could not be read. A Tesla filing, shareholder letter or product page stating production, deployment and capabilities would settle it.", "regulator_records": "not_checked", "status": "development", "first_demo": {"date": "2022-09-30", "precision": "day", "what": "Early Optimus prototype walks on stage at Tesla AI Day 2022", "verification": "secondary"}, "first_deployment": {"date": "", "precision": "none", "what": "No outside customer deployment is documented", "verification": ""}, "ai_stack": "Tesla real-world AI data from its vehicles, with a custom AI5 inference processor planned", "business_model": "Reported plan to lease to a short list of companies", "different": "Tesla describes Optimus as a general purpose autonomous humanoid, built with data from its vehicle AI work and made on a converted Fremont vehicle line.", "ideal_use": "Simple skills in Tesla's own factories first, per CEO comments reported on the Q1 2026 call.", "history": [], "cells": "YNY-NN----P--------Y--P-----N-P--P-------", "checks": "sss.ss....u........s..u.....s.u..u.......", "facts": {"verified": 4, "secondary": 17, "unverified": 4}, "unread": 0, "last_reviewed": "2026-10-06", "date": "2022-09-30", "primary_url": "https://www.tesla.com/optimus", "description": "Tesla describes Optimus as a general purpose autonomous humanoid, built with data from its vehicle AI work and made on a converted Fremont vehicle line."},
  {"id": "tusimple", "name": "TuSimple", "former_names": [], "maker": "CreateAI (formerly TuSimple Holdings Inc.)", "country": "United States", "category": "autonomous-truck", "country_sourced": true, "verification_note": "Built from SEC filings up to February 2024 plus TechCrunch for the CreateAI rename (Dec 2024). The company deregistered in 2024, so no later filing states the truck program's end; the old tusimple.com and CreateAI sites did not load. Status 'discontinued' rests on the Nov 2023 wind-down filing and reporting. FMCSA and 2022-23 SGO crash records were not read.", "regulator_records": "checked", "status": "discontinued", "first_demo": {"date": "2021-12", "precision": "month", "what": "First driver-out, fully autonomous 80-mile semi-truck run in Arizona (as stated in the 10-K)", "verification": "verified"}, "first_deployment": {"date": "2020-07", "precision": "month", "what": "Launch of the Autonomous Freight Network of L4 trucks, mapped routes and terminals (10-K)", "verification": "verified"}, "ai_stack": "Machine-learning driving software on a TuSimple Domain Controller computer developed with NVIDIA.", "business_model": "Autonomous freight capacity as a service (TuSimple Capacity), or trucks bought by carriers (Carrier-Owned Capacity).", "different": "A full-stack Level 4 driving system for semi-trucks, stated to have a 1,000 meter perception range and multi-modal perception.", "ideal_use": "Long-haul freight, offered as autonomous freight capacity across a planned Autonomous Freight Network.", "history": [{"date": "2023-11-30", "kind": "shutdown", "text": "Board authorises wind-down of U.S. operations and a shift to the Asia-Pacific region; about 150 U.S. staff are cut.", "verification": "verified"}, {"date": "2024-02-08", "kind": "ownership", "text": "TuSimple Holdings files Form 15 to terminate registration of its Class A stock, after voluntary delisting from Nasdaq.", "verification": "verified"}, {"date": "2024-12-19", "kind": "rename", "text": "TuSimple is renamed CreateAI after pivoting from autonomous trucking to AI animation and gaming.", "verification": "secondary"}], "cells": "N-NNNYP--YYY-----YP--YYYNNN-NYYPPP----PPY", "checks": "v.vvvvv..vvv.....vv..vvvvvv.vvvvvv....vvv", "facts": {"verified": 46, "secondary": 2, "unverified": 0}, "unread": 0, "last_reviewed": "2026-10-09", "date": "2021-12", "primary_url": "https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&CIK=1823593", "description": "A full-stack Level 4 driving system for semi-trucks, stated to have a 1,000 meter perception range and multi-modal perception."},
  {"id": "ubtech-walker-s", "name": "Walker S2", "former_names": [], "maker": "UBTECH Robotics", "country": "China", "category": "humanoid", "country_sourced": true, "verification_note": "", "regulator_records": "not_checked", "status": "commercial", "first_demo": {"date": "2023-12-29", "precision": "day", "what": "Walker S debuts at the Hong Kong listing ceremony (earliest found)", "verification": "verified"}, "first_deployment": {"date": "2024", "precision": "year", "what": "Walker S series begins training in multiple automotive factories", "verification": "verified"}, "ai_stack": "Self-developed Thinker foundation model, Thinker-WM world model and Thinker-VLA action model; BrainNet 2.0 and Co-Agent", "business_model": "Sold to industrial customers through direct orders and regional distributors; no price published", "different": "A full-size industrial humanoid that swaps its own batteries within 3 minutes using a dual-battery design, with a binocular RGB vision system and 15 kg lifting payload.", "ideal_use": "Industrial work such as vehicle assembly-line tasks, logistics material handling and sorting.", "history": [{"date": "2023-12-29", "kind": "ownership", "text": "UBTECH Robotics lists on the main board of the Hong Kong Stock Exchange (stock code 9880.HK).", "verification": "verified"}], "cells": "YNY-NNY-Y-PPPY--------PYY---NYY--Y--P--P-", "checks": "vvv.vvv.v.vvvv........vvv...vvv..v..v..v.", "facts": {"verified": 38, "secondary": 0, "unverified": 0}, "unread": 1, "last_reviewed": "2026-10-06", "date": "2023-12-29", "primary_url": "https://www.ubtrobot.com/en/humanoid/products/walker-s2", "description": "A full-size industrial humanoid that swaps its own batteries within 3 minutes using a dual-battery design, with a binocular RGB vision system and 15 kg lifting payload."},
  {"id": "unitree-g1", "name": "G1", "former_names": [], "maker": "Unitree Robotics", "country": "China", "category": "humanoid", "country_sourced": true, "verification_note": "", "regulator_records": "not_checked", "status": "commercial", "first_demo": {"date": "2024-05-13", "precision": "day", "what": "Unitree introduces the G1 humanoid agent", "verification": "verified"}, "first_deployment": {"date": "", "precision": "none", "what": "No first sale or customer deployment date is documented on the fetched pages", "verification": ""}, "ai_stack": "Imitation and reinforcement learning; UnifoLM robot large model", "business_model": "Sold directly; G1 from 13,500 US dollars, EDU version on request", "different": "A compact 1.32 m, 35 kg humanoid with 23 to 43 joint motors that folds for storage, sold at a published starting price with an optional three-fingered hand.", "ideal_use": "Research, education and development of humanoid control, using the secondary-development EDU version.", "history": [], "cells": "YNYPNNY----P--Y----YPY--Y-----Y----PY----", "checks": "vvvvvvv....v..v....vvv..v.....v....vv....", "facts": {"verified": 30, "secondary": 0, "unverified": 2}, "unread": 0, "last_reviewed": "2026-10-06", "date": "2024-05-13", "primary_url": "https://www.unitree.com/g1", "description": "A compact 1.32 m, 35 kg humanoid with 23 to 43 joint motors that folds for storage, sold at a published starting price with an optional three-fingered hand."},
  {"id": "unitree-go2", "name": "Go2", "former_names": [], "maker": "Unitree Robotics", "country": "China", "category": "quadruped-inspection", "country_sourced": false, "verification_note": "", "regulator_records": "not_checked", "status": "commercial", "first_demo": {"date": "2023-07-12", "precision": "day", "what": "Unitree launches the Go2 consumer-grade quadruped", "verification": "verified"}, "first_deployment": {"date": "2023", "precision": "year", "what": "Unitree robot dogs transport discus and javelins at the Hangzhou Asian Games", "verification": "verified"}, "ai_stack": "Gaits learned through large-scale AI simulation training; 4D LiDAR mapping", "business_model": "Sold in Air, Pro, X and EDU versions; Air listed from 1600 US dollars", "different": "A roughly 15 kg quadruped sold from 1,600 US dollars that has a 4D LiDAR as standard, simulation-trained gaits and an SDK, aimed at consumers, education and developers.", "ideal_use": "Consumer, education and developer use as a programmable quadruped, with LiDAR mapping and follow modes.", "history": [], "cells": "YN--NNPPY-YY-----Y---Y-Y------Y----YY--P-", "checks": "vv..vvvvv.vv.....v...v.v......v....vv..v.", "facts": {"verified": 30, "secondary": 0, "unverified": 0}, "unread": 0, "last_reviewed": "2026-10-06", "date": "2023-07-12", "primary_url": "https://www.unitree.com/go2", "description": "A roughly 15 kg quadruped sold from 1,600 US dollars that has a 4D LiDAR as standard, simulation-trained gaits and an SDK, aimed at consumers, education and developers."},
  {"id": "waabi-driver", "name": "Waabi Driver", "former_names": [], "maker": "Waabi", "country": "Canada", "category": "autonomous-truck", "country_sourced": false, "verification_note": "", "regulator_records": "not_checked", "status": "commercial", "first_demo": {"date": "2022-11-15", "precision": "day", "what": "Waabi unveils the Waabi Driver", "verification": "verified"}, "first_deployment": {"date": "2026-10-05", "precision": "day", "what": "First customer operation of the Volvo-Waabi partnership (Warp); earlier loads undated", "verification": "verified"}, "ai_stack": "Generative-AI-based end-to-end trainable driving stack, trained with the Waabi World neural simulator", "business_model": "Direct-to-customer trucking service, with the Volvo VNL Autonomous in a Volvo Autonomous Solutions offer", "different": "One end-to-end AI driving model, trained and tested in a neural simulator, that the maker says drives both trucks and robotaxis and moved to a new truck platform without fine-tuning.", "ideal_use": "Hauling freight on highways and surface streets, such as less-than-truckload freight between Dallas and Houston.", "history": [], "cells": "NNNNNYP-PYYYY--Y-YP--Y-YNNN--YYP-----Y-YY", "checks": "vvvvvvv.vvvvv..v.vv..v.vvvv..vvv.....v.vv", "facts": {"verified": 43, "secondary": 0, "unverified": 0}, "unread": 0, "last_reviewed": "2026-10-06", "date": "2022-11-15", "primary_url": "https://waabi.ai/", "description": "One end-to-end AI driving model, trained and tested in a neural simulator, that the maker says drives both trucks and robotaxis and moved to a new truck platform without fine-tuning."},
  {"id": "waymo-driver", "name": "Waymo", "former_names": ["Google Self-Driving Car Project"], "maker": "Waymo LLC", "country": "United States", "category": "passenger-av", "country_sourced": false, "verification_note": "", "regulator_records": "checked", "status": "commercial", "first_demo": {"date": "2009", "precision": "year", "what": "Google self-driving car project begins its autonomous driving challenge", "verification": "verified"}, "first_deployment": {"date": "2017", "precision": "year", "what": "Early Rider Program: first public trial of autonomous ride-hailing in Metro Phoenix", "verification": "unverified"}, "ai_stack": "Waymo Foundation Model: sensor fusion encoder, Gemini-trained driving VLM, world decoder", "business_model": "Paid ride-hailing through the Waymo app, with the fare shown before booking", "different": "Operates a driverless ride-hailing service on public roads; a human fleet response agent can advise the vehicle but the Waymo Driver stays in control of driving.", "ideal_use": "Hailing a fully autonomous ride in a Waymo vehicle through the Waymo app, for up to four riders at a time.", "history": [{"date": "2016", "kind": "rename", "text": "The Google Self-Driving Car Project, begun in 2009, became the company Waymo.", "verification": "unverified"}, {"date": "2016", "kind": "spin_out", "text": "Waymo was established as an independent self-driving technology company under Alphabet.", "verification": "unverified"}], "cells": "NNNNNYYNPPYYPP-YYY-Y-YYYNNNYYYYYY----YYYY", "checks": "vvvvvvvvvvvvvv.vvv.v.vvvvvvvvvvvv....vvvv", "facts": {"verified": 58, "secondary": 0, "unverified": 4}, "unread": 1, "last_reviewed": "2026-10-20", "date": "2009", "primary_url": "https://waymo.com/", "description": "Operates a driverless ride-hailing service on public roads; a human fleet response agent can advise the vehicle but the Waymo Driver stays in control of driving."},
  {"id": "wayve-ai-driver", "name": "Wayve AI Driver", "former_names": [], "maker": "Wayve Technologies Ltd.", "country": "United Kingdom", "category": "passenger-av", "country_sourced": true, "verification_note": "", "regulator_records": "not_checked", "status": "pilot", "first_demo": {"date": "2018", "precision": "year", "what": "Testing of Wayve's autonomous driving technology on London roads begins", "verification": "verified"}, "first_deployment": {"date": "2026-09-03", "precision": "day", "what": "Supervised autonomous rides for the public launch in London on Uber", "verification": "verified"}, "ai_stack": "End-to-end AV2.0 neural network driver; GAIA world model; trained on NVIDIA infrastructure on Microsoft Azure", "business_model": "Licenses the AI Driver software to carmakers; rides on the Uber network; Mercedes-Benz production agreement", "different": "A single learned end-to-end driving model, run without HD maps, that is licensed to carmakers for use from driver assistance to robotaxis and is now carrying supervised rides in London.", "ideal_use": "Driver assistance and automated driving built into carmakers' vehicles, and robotaxi rides through partners such as Uber.", "history": [], "cells": "NNNNNYPY-YYYY--Y-----YYYNNNYY-YPY---PP-PP", "checks": "vvvvvvvv.vvvv..v.....vvvvvvvv.vvv...vv.vv", "facts": {"verified": 44, "secondary": 0, "unverified": 0}, "unread": 44, "last_reviewed": "2026-10-06", "date": "2018", "primary_url": "https://wayve.ai/product/wayve-ai-driver/", "description": "A single learned end-to-end driving model, run without HD maps, that is licensed to carmakers for use from driver assistance to robotaxis and is now carrying supervised rides in London."},
  {"id": "weride", "name": "WeRide Robotaxi", "former_names": [], "maker": "WeRide Inc.", "country": "China", "category": "passenger-av", "country_sourced": true, "verification_note": "", "regulator_records": "checked", "status": "commercial", "first_demo": {"date": "", "precision": "none", "what": "No first public demonstration is documented in the pages fetched", "verification": ""}, "first_deployment": {"date": "2019-11", "precision": "month", "what": "Paid robotaxi service to the public begins in China", "verification": "verified"}, "ai_stack": "WeRide One platform: hybrid of a deterministic overlay and an end-to-end model; WeRide GENESIS world model", "business_model": "Ride fares plus fees for fleet partners: a minimum fixed fee with shared upside; vehicles and services also sold", "different": "A robotaxi service on the WeRide One platform, run in China, the Middle East and Europe, mostly with local partners such as Uber and fleet owners that supply vehicles and field operations.", "ideal_use": "Public robotaxi rides in cities, booked through the WeRide Go app and partner apps such as Uber.", "history": [], "cells": "NNNNNYY-YPYYP----Y---YYYNNNYY-YYYY-----YP", "checks": "vvvvvvv.vvvvv....v...vvvvvvvv.vvvv.....vv", "facts": {"verified": 46, "secondary": 0, "unverified": 0}, "unread": 0, "last_reviewed": "2026-10-06", "date": "2019-11", "primary_url": "https://www.weride.ai/", "description": "A robotaxi service on the WeRide One platform, run in China, the Middle East and Europe, mostly with local partners such as Uber and fleet owners that supply vehicles and field operations."},
  {"id": "wing", "name": "Wing", "former_names": [], "maker": "Wing Aviation LLC", "country": "United States", "category": "drone", "country_sourced": true, "verification_note": "", "regulator_records": "not_checked", "status": "commercial", "first_demo": {"date": "", "precision": "none", "what": "No public demonstration date is documented in the fetched pages", "verification": ""}, "first_deployment": {"date": "2019", "precision": "year", "what": "Wing begins operating as a commercial drone delivery service to homes in the US", "verification": "verified"}, "ai_stack": "Highly automated route planning and flight systems; the maker refers to physical AI and simulation in its autonomy work", "business_model": "Delivery of partner retailers' items, ordered in the Walmart app or the Wing app; businesses can integrate through APIs", "different": "Aircraft with separate vertical-lift and cruise motors that lower the order on a tether, with one pilot approved to oversee several drones from a central location.", "ideal_use": "Residential delivery of everyday items from partner stores, such as Walmart, to homes in minutes.", "history": [{"date": "2012", "kind": "ownership", "text": "Wing began as a project in the labs at X, Alphabet's Moonshot Factory, and is described as an Alphabet company.", "verification": "verified"}], "cells": "NNNNYNY---YY------P----YPNNPNYY-Y---P--Y-", "checks": "vvvvvvv...vv......v....vvvvvvvv.v...v..v.", "facts": {"verified": 41, "secondary": 0, "unverified": 0}, "unread": 0, "last_reviewed": "2026-10-06", "date": "2019", "primary_url": "https://wing.com/", "description": "Aircraft with separate vertical-lift and cruise motors that lower the order on a tether, with one pilot approved to oversee several drones from a central location."},
  {"id": "xpeng-iron", "name": "IRON", "former_names": [], "maker": "XPENG", "country": "China", "category": "humanoid", "country_sourced": true, "verification_note": "Rests on three XPENG press releases (Aug-Oct 2026, maker claims, several promotional) and XPENG's SEC filings (a Q3 2025 results release and the 2025 ESG report, which carry the 2025 unveiling, the Spring Festival museum deployment and IRON's specifications). The filings give 82 DoF and 22 per hand for the 2025 version; the 2026 releases say 76 and 21. No independent tests were read.", "regulator_records": "not_checked", "status": "development", "first_demo": {"date": "2025-11-05", "precision": "day", "what": "Next-Gen IRON humanoid shown at XPENG AI Day (earlier IRON versions not searched)", "verification": "verified"}, "first_deployment": {"date": "2026", "precision": "year", "what": "IRON deployed to work at the Beijing Auto Museum over the 2026 Spring Festival", "verification": "verified"}, "ai_stack": "XPENG Physical AI foundation model on three Turing AI chips (up to 2,250 TOPS)", "business_model": "", "different": "A humanoid with 76 degrees of freedom and 21 per hand, built on XPENG's own Turing chips and a robot production line.", "ideal_use": "General-purpose humanoid platform; first commercial use planned in XPENG's own stores and campuses.", "history": [{"date": "2026-08-24", "kind": "ownership", "text": "XPENG's robotics business takes outside investment; XPENG retains control.", "verification": "verified"}], "cells": "Y--Y--Y----Y-PPP-Y----P-------N--P-------", "checks": "v..v..v....v.vvv.v....v.......v..v.......", "facts": {"verified": 27, "secondary": 0, "unverified": 0}, "unread": 0, "last_reviewed": "2026-10-09", "date": "2025-11-05", "primary_url": "https://www.xpeng.com/", "description": "A humanoid with 76 degrees of freedom and 21 per hand, built on XPENG's own Turing chips and a robot production line."},
  {"id": "zipline", "name": "Zipline", "former_names": [], "maker": "Zipline International Inc.", "country": "United States", "category": "drone", "country_sourced": true, "verification_note": "", "regulator_records": "not_checked", "status": "commercial", "first_demo": {"date": "2016", "precision": "year", "what": "First Zipline autonomous delivery service launched in Rwanda", "verification": "verified"}, "first_deployment": {"date": "2016", "precision": "year", "what": "Rwanda is the first country to launch the Zipline delivery service", "verification": "verified"}, "ai_stack": "FlightIQ onboard autonomy and perception suite on Platform 2 aircraft", "business_model": "Delivery service for consumers via the Zipline app, and for businesses, governments and health systems", "different": "A two-part aircraft with vertical take-off and fixed-wing flight that hovers at altitude and lowers a pod with the package to the ground, rather than landing at the delivery point.", "ideal_use": "Instant delivery of food, retail goods and health products to homes in cities and suburbs, plus long-range delivery of medical supplies to health facilities.", "history": [{"date": "2026-08-17", "kind": "ownership", "text": "Uber announced a partnership with Zipline and a strategic investment in the company.", "verification": "verified"}], "cells": "NNNNYNY---YY-----Y---PYYPNNPNYY-Y----Y--P", "checks": "vvvvvvv...vv.....v...vvvvvvvvvv.v....v..v", "facts": {"verified": 45, "secondary": 0, "unverified": 0}, "unread": 2, "last_reviewed": "2026-10-06", "date": "2016", "primary_url": "https://www.zipline.com/", "description": "A two-part aircraft with vertical take-off and fixed-wing flight that hovers at altitude and lowers a pod with the package to the ground, rather than landing at the delivery point."},
  {"id": "zoox", "name": "Zoox", "former_names": [], "maker": "Zoox, Inc.", "country": "United States", "category": "passenger-av", "country_sourced": true, "verification_note": "", "regulator_records": "checked", "status": "commercial", "first_demo": {"date": "2020", "precision": "year", "what": "Zoox reveals its first vehicle after joining Amazon", "verification": "verified"}, "first_deployment": {"date": "2025-09-10", "precision": "day", "what": "Public launch of the Zoox ride-hailing service on and around the Las Vegas Strip", "verification": "verified"}, "ai_stack": "AI perception, prediction and planning on cameras, lidar, radar and long-wave infrared sensors", "business_model": "Ride-hailing through the Zoox app; paid fares announced to start in Las Vegas on 10 August 2026", "different": "A bidirectional, purpose-built robotaxi with no steering wheel or pedals that runs a driverless ride-hailing service, operating under a US federal exemption from standards written for manual controls.", "ideal_use": "Hailing a ride in a Zoox robotaxi through the Zoox app, on and around the Las Vegas Strip and in San Francisco.", "history": [{"date": "2020", "kind": "acquisition", "text": "Zoox joined forces with Amazon in 2020 and operates as an Amazon company.", "verification": "verified"}], "cells": "NNNNNYYNPNYY---Y-----PYYNNNYY-YYYY---YYYY", "checks": "vvvvvvvvvvvv...v.....vvvvvvvv.ssvv...vvvv", "facts": {"verified": 51, "secondary": 4, "unverified": 0}, "unread": 39, "last_reviewed": "2026-10-06", "date": "2020", "primary_url": "https://zoox.com/", "description": "A bidirectional, purpose-built robotaxi with no steering wheel or pedals that runs a driverless ride-hailing service, operating under a US federal exemption from standards written for manual controls."}
 ]
}