{
 "schema_version": 2,
 "note": "Record format for the robotics set. One file per system in systems/<id>.json holds the full record with every source and quote; robots.json is the compact index built from those files by tools/check_robotics.py --build. Human-readable version: docs/atlas-robotics-schema.md. Enforced by tools/check_robotics.py.",
 "values": {
  "yes": "Meets the feature's definition, according to the text of a fetched page.",
  "partial": "Meets the feature's 'partial' note, according to the text of a fetched page.",
  "no": "A fetched page states, or directly shows, that the system does not do this. The stronger kind of absence. For the features marked no_by_form, the page's description of the robot's body is enough (a page describing a car directly shows it has no legs); the cell then carries basis 'form'.",
  "not_found": "The system's own documentation was searched for this specific feature, as the search rule below defines, and nothing was found. Weaker than no: the system may still do it. Carries the pages checked and the terms searched.",
  "unknown": "Nobody has searched for this feature yet, or the sources could not be read. Not an absence of any kind."
 },
 "verification": {
  "verified": "The text is the maker's, a regulator's, a company filing's or the paper's own.",
  "secondary": "The text is named, reputable reporting, or a named partner's or customer's own statement, that quotes or closely reports the original. Shown as: From reporting, not the maker.",
  "unverified": "Thin: a single report, a forum, an encyclopaedia, or a claim that could not be traced to its origin. Shown as: Unverified, pending source confirmation."
 },
 "source_kinds": {
  "maker": "The maker's own site, documentation, press release, blog, repository or official social account.",
  "regulator": "A government agency or public register.",
  "paper": "A research paper, its preprint page or its project page, written by the system's authors.",
  "filing": "A company's filing with a securities regulator, or its audited report.",
  "partner": "A named customer's, partner's or investor's own statement about the system.",
  "reporting": "Named, reputable news or trade reporting.",
  "other": "Anything else: an encyclopaedia, a forum, an aggregator."
 },
 "verification_by_kind": {
  "maker": "verified",
  "regulator": "verified",
  "paper": "verified",
  "filing": "verified",
  "partner": "secondary",
  "reporting": "secondary",
  "other": "unverified"
 },
 "categories": [
  {
   "id": "humanoid",
   "label": "Humanoid robot",
   "definition": "A robot with a human-like body plan (a torso with two arms, on two legs or a wheeled base) presented by its maker as a humanoid or general-purpose robot."
  },
  {
   "id": "manipulator",
   "label": "Arm or mobile manipulator",
   "definition": "A fixed or mobile robot arm, other than a humanoid, that picks, places, packs or assembles under a learned policy: industrial, warehouse and laboratory manipulation."
  },
  {
   "id": "warehouse-mobile",
   "label": "Warehouse mobile robot",
   "definition": "A wheeled robot that moves goods, shelves or carts inside a warehouse, factory or hospital and does not manipulate items with an arm."
  },
  {
   "id": "passenger-av",
   "label": "Robotaxi or passenger vehicle",
   "definition": "A driving system that carries passengers on public roads: robotaxi services, and automated-driving systems for passenger vehicles."
  },
  {
   "id": "autonomous-truck",
   "label": "Autonomous truck",
   "definition": "A driving system for freight trucks on public roads."
  },
  {
   "id": "delivery-ground",
   "label": "Ground delivery robot",
   "definition": "A pavement robot or purpose-built road vehicle that delivers goods and carries no passengers."
  },
  {
   "id": "drone",
   "label": "Drone",
   "definition": "An aircraft without a pilot on board that flies its mission under its own control: delivery and inspection drones."
  },
  {
   "id": "home-robot",
   "label": "Consumer or home robot",
   "definition": "A robot sold to households, other than a humanoid: cleaning, monitoring and companion robots."
  },
  {
   "id": "surgical-medical",
   "label": "Surgical or medical robot",
   "definition": "A robot used in surgery or in clinical care, with autonomy or AI assistance documented."
  },
  {
   "id": "agricultural",
   "label": "Agricultural robot",
   "definition": "A machine that carries out field or orchard work (tilling, weeding, spraying, harvesting) under its own perception and control."
  },
  {
   "id": "quadruped-inspection",
   "label": "Quadruped or inspection robot",
   "definition": "A four-legged robot, or a ground robot whose job is inspection and data capture in industrial sites."
  },
  {
   "id": "foundation-model",
   "label": "Robot foundation model",
   "definition": "A learned model, published or offered on its own, that turns sensor input (and usually language) into robot actions for more than one task: vision-language-action models and other generalist policies."
  },
  {
   "id": "platform",
   "label": "Dataset, simulator or training platform",
   "definition": "A dataset, simulator, world model or software toolkit that others use to train, test or run robot policies."
  }
 ],
 "groups": [
  {
   "id": "embodiment",
   "label": "Embodiment"
  },
  {
   "id": "autonomy",
   "label": "Autonomy and human role"
  },
  {
   "id": "model",
   "label": "Model"
  },
  {
   "id": "learning",
   "label": "Learning"
  },
  {
   "id": "tasks",
   "label": "Tasks"
  },
  {
   "id": "deployment",
   "label": "Deployment and openness"
  },
  {
   "id": "safety",
   "label": "Safety and oversight"
  }
 ],
 "features": [
  {
   "id": "legged",
   "group": "embodiment",
   "short": "Legs",
   "label": "Walks on legs",
   "definition": "The robot moves by walking on two or more legs.",
   "partial": "A wheel-legged hybrid (wheels at the ends of legs), or a legged version shown only as a prototype beside a wheeled product.",
   "terms": [
    "leg",
    "biped",
    "quadruped",
    "walk"
   ],
   "no_by_form": true
  },
  {
   "id": "wheeled_base",
   "group": "embodiment",
   "short": "Wheels",
   "label": "Wheeled or tracked base",
   "definition": "A ground robot that moves on wheels or tracks and is not a road vehicle as defined under 'Road vehicle'.",
   "partial": "A wheel-legged hybrid, or a wheeled base offered as one option among others.",
   "terms": [
    "wheel",
    "track",
    "mobile base",
    "AMR"
   ],
   "no_by_form": true
  },
  {
   "id": "arms",
   "group": "embodiment",
   "short": "Arm",
   "label": "Has one or more arms",
   "definition": "The robot has at least one articulated arm with an end effector (gripper, hand, suction tool, instrument).",
   "partial": "The arm is an optional add-on that not every unit carries.",
   "terms": [
    "arm",
    "manipulator",
    "gripper",
    "end effector"
   ],
   "no_by_form": true
  },
  {
   "id": "dexterous_hands",
   "group": "embodiment",
   "short": "Hands",
   "label": "Multi-fingered hands",
   "definition": "The end effector is a hand with three or more independently actuated fingers.",
   "partial": "Multi-fingered hands are offered as an option beside simpler grippers, or are shown only on a prototype.",
   "terms": [
    "hand",
    "finger",
    "dexterous",
    "tactile"
   ],
   "no_by_form": true
  },
  {
   "id": "aerial",
   "group": "embodiment",
   "short": "Flies",
   "label": "Flies",
   "definition": "The robot is an aircraft: it does its job in flight.",
   "partial": "Only part of the system flies (for example a droid lowered from an aircraft counts as part of an aerial system: yes; a ground robot that launches a separate drone: partial).",
   "terms": [
    "drone",
    "aircraft",
    "flight",
    "fly",
    "UAV"
   ],
   "no_by_form": true
  },
  {
   "id": "road_vehicle",
   "group": "embodiment",
   "short": "Road veh.",
   "label": "Road vehicle",
   "definition": "The robot is a car, van, shuttle or truck that drives on public roads in ordinary traffic.",
   "partial": "A vehicle limited by its maker or permit to low speeds (40 km/h, 25 mph or less) on roads, or one that uses road edges and cycle lanes for part of its route.",
   "terms": [
    "vehicle",
    "road",
    "truck",
    "car"
   ],
   "no_by_form": true
  },
  {
   "id": "autonomous_operation",
   "group": "autonomy",
   "short": "Autonomous",
   "label": "Acts under its own control in normal use",
   "definition": "The maker, a regulator or the paper states that in its normal documented use the robot carries out its task under the control of its own software, with no person directly controlling its motion.",
   "partial": "Autonomy covers only part of the task: a person must supervise continuously and be ready to take over (driver assistance), a person performs the main task while the robot automates named steps, or some of the documented work is teleoperated.",
   "terms": [
    "autonomous",
    "autonomously",
    "driverless",
    "without human",
    "self-driving",
    "unsupervised"
   ],
   "no_by_form": false
  },
  {
   "id": "operator_assist",
   "group": "autonomy",
   "short": "Assists oper.",
   "label": "Assists a human operator who stays in control",
   "definition": "The system is documented as assisting a person who performs or continuously supervises the task in real time and remains responsible for it: driver assistance, a surgeon-controlled robot with automated or AI help, shared control.",
   "partial": "The product offers both a mode in which a person stays in control and a mode with no human operator.",
   "terms": [
    "assist",
    "supervised",
    "surgeon",
    "driver must",
    "hands on",
    "shared control",
    "operator"
   ],
   "no_by_form": false
  },
  {
   "id": "remote_assistance",
   "group": "autonomy",
   "short": "Remote help",
   "label": "Remote human help during operation",
   "definition": "The maker or a regulator states that a remote person can take direct control of the robot's motion during operation (remote driving, teleoperation).",
   "partial": "Remote staff can advise, confirm or choose among options the robot proposes, but are stated not to control its motion directly.",
   "terms": [
    "remote",
    "teleoperat",
    "tele-operat",
    "remote assistance",
    "fleet response",
    "remote operator",
    "remote pilot"
   ],
   "no_by_form": false
  },
  {
   "id": "onsite_human",
   "group": "autonomy",
   "short": "On-site human",
   "label": "Human safety operator on site",
   "definition": "In the documented operation a person is in or beside the robot as a stated arrangement, to supervise it and take over or stop it: a safety driver, an on-board monitor, an attendant at the cell.",
   "partial": "A person is on site in some deployments, routes or phases and not in others.",
   "terms": [
    "safety driver",
    "safety operator",
    "safety monitor",
    "attendant",
    "observer",
    "human on board",
    "supervis",
    "chase vehicle"
   ],
   "no_by_form": false
  },
  {
   "id": "unstructured_env",
   "group": "autonomy",
   "short": "Unstructured",
   "label": "Works in unstructured environments",
   "definition": "The robot is documented working in places not built or arranged for it: public roads and pavements, homes, outdoor terrain, fields, building sites, or previously unseen rooms.",
   "partial": "It works on factory, warehouse or hospital floors that it shares with people or whose contents vary, but not in public, domestic or outdoor settings.",
   "terms": [
    "home",
    "public road",
    "street",
    "outdoor",
    "terrain",
    "unseen",
    "unstructured",
    "real-world",
    "field",
    "warehouse",
    "factory"
   ],
   "no_by_form": false
  },
  {
   "id": "among_public",
   "group": "autonomy",
   "short": "Public",
   "label": "Works among the public",
   "definition": "The robot is documented working where people who are not the operator's trained staff are present: public roads and pavements, shops, hospital wards, customers' homes.",
   "partial": "Only in limited trials in such places, with staff escorts or invited participants.",
   "terms": [
    "public",
    "pedestrian",
    "passenger",
    "customer",
    "resident",
    "patient",
    "home",
    "street"
   ],
   "no_by_form": false
  },
  {
   "id": "end_to_end",
   "group": "model",
   "short": "End-to-end",
   "label": "End-to-end learned policy",
   "definition": "The maker or paper states that one learned neural network (or one jointly trained network) maps sensor input to the robot's motor commands or driving trajectory.",
   "partial": "Learned networks do perception and planning but a separate module or a conventional controller is stated to produce part of the behaviour; or 'end-to-end' is claimed for one stage only.",
   "terms": [
    "end-to-end",
    "end to end",
    "neural network",
    "policy",
    "pixels",
    "learned"
   ],
   "no_by_form": false
  },
  {
   "id": "vla",
   "group": "model",
   "short": "VLA",
   "label": "Vision-language-action model",
   "definition": "The maker or paper describes the controlling model as a vision-language-action model, or as one model that takes camera images and a language instruction and outputs robot actions.",
   "partial": "A vision-language model is used for reasoning, scene description or high-level planning, while the actions come from a separate controller that is not itself conditioned on language.",
   "terms": [
    "vision-language-action",
    "VLA",
    "vision language action",
    "vision-language",
    "language model",
    "VLM"
   ],
   "no_by_form": false
  },
  {
   "id": "language_instruction",
   "group": "model",
   "short": "Language",
   "label": "Takes natural-language instructions",
   "definition": "A person can tell the robot what physical task to do in ordinary language, typed or spoken, and it acts on it.",
   "partial": "Language works only for a small fixed set of commands, or the robot converses but its physical task is not set by language.",
   "terms": [
    "language",
    "instruction",
    "voice",
    "prompt",
    "speech",
    "command",
    "ask"
   ],
   "no_by_form": false
  },
  {
   "id": "cross_embodiment",
   "group": "model",
   "short": "Cross-body",
   "label": "One model across different robot bodies",
   "definition": "The maker or paper states that the same model or the same weights control more than one distinct robot body (different arms, a wheeled and a legged robot, a car and a truck).",
   "partial": "Stated as a design aim without a demonstration, or transfer to another body needs that body's own fine-tuning data.",
   "terms": [
    "embodiment",
    "cross-embodiment",
    "multiple robots",
    "different robots",
    "platform",
    "vehicle platform",
    "generalist"
   ],
   "no_by_form": false
  },
  {
   "id": "third_party_model",
   "group": "model",
   "short": "3rd-party",
   "label": "Uses a third-party foundation model",
   "definition": "The robot's stack is stated to use, or to be built on, a named model developed by an organisation other than the maker (for example a language model, a vision-language backbone or another company's robot model).",
   "partial": "The third-party model serves only an auxiliary function such as conversation, or is one supported option among several.",
   "terms": [
    "OpenAI",
    "Gemini",
    "GPT",
    "Llama",
    "NVIDIA",
    "GR00T",
    "PaliGemma",
    "pretrained",
    "backbone",
    "partner",
    "foundation model"
   ],
   "no_by_form": false
  },
  {
   "id": "onboard_inference",
   "group": "model",
   "short": "On-board",
   "label": "Runs its policy on board",
   "definition": "The maker or paper states that the policy runs on computers carried by the robot.",
   "partial": "Part of the policy runs on board and part elsewhere.",
   "terms": [
    "onboard",
    "on-board",
    "on-device",
    "embedded",
    "on the robot",
    "Jetson",
    "compute",
    "GPU"
   ],
   "no_by_form": false
  },
  {
   "id": "offboard_inference",
   "group": "model",
   "short": "Off-board",
   "label": "Runs its policy off board",
   "definition": "The maker or paper states that the policy, or part of it, runs during operation on computers the robot does not carry: a cloud service, a workstation, an external GPU server.",
   "partial": "Off-board computers serve only functions other than motion control, such as conversation or assigning jobs across a fleet.",
   "terms": [
    "cloud",
    "server",
    "workstation",
    "off-board",
    "offboard",
    "remote inference",
    "API",
    "GPU"
   ],
   "no_by_form": false
  },
  {
   "id": "learns_from_demonstration",
   "group": "learning",
   "short": "Demonstr.",
   "label": "Learns from human demonstration",
   "definition": "The maker or paper states that the policy is trained on recordings of people doing the task: teleoperated robot episodes, video of people, human driving logs, hand-guided motion.",
   "partial": "Demonstrations are used only for fine-tuning to a customer's new task, or only for one named skill while the main policy is trained another way.",
   "terms": [
    "demonstration",
    "imitation",
    "teleoperat",
    "human video",
    "human driving",
    "behavior cloning",
    "behaviour cloning",
    "expert"
   ],
   "no_by_form": false
  },
  {
   "id": "teleop_training",
   "group": "learning",
   "short": "Teleop data",
   "label": "Trained on teleoperation data",
   "definition": "The maker or paper states that data from people teleoperating robots was used to train the policy.",
   "partial": "Teleoperation data is stated to be collected, without a statement that the policy in use was trained on it.",
   "terms": [
    "teleoperat",
    "tele-operat",
    "VR",
    "motion capture",
    "remote control",
    "pilot",
    "operator"
   ],
   "no_by_form": false
  },
  {
   "id": "sim_training",
   "group": "learning",
   "short": "Sim",
   "label": "Learns in simulation",
   "definition": "The maker or paper states that the policy is trained, wholly or partly, in simulation or on synthetic or generated data.",
   "partial": "Simulation is used for testing, validation or evaluation only.",
   "terms": [
    "simulation",
    "simulated",
    "synthetic",
    "sim-to-real",
    "reinforcement learning",
    "Isaac",
    "world model",
    "generated"
   ],
   "no_by_form": false
  },
  {
   "id": "fleet_learning",
   "group": "learning",
   "short": "Fleet data",
   "label": "Learns from its deployed fleet",
   "definition": "The maker states that data from units in customer or public operation is used to train or improve the model.",
   "partial": "Stated as a plan, or the data comes only from the maker's own test fleet.",
   "terms": [
    "fleet",
    "deployed",
    "real-world data",
    "improve",
    "flywheel",
    "customer data",
    "miles",
    "shared learning"
   ],
   "no_by_form": false
  },
  {
   "id": "navigation",
   "group": "tasks",
   "short": "Navigates",
   "label": "Navigates by itself",
   "definition": "The robot plans and follows its own route through space to a destination and avoids obstacles on the way.",
   "partial": "It follows only fixed, pre-taught or pre-mapped routes, or a person steers while the robot avoids obstacles.",
   "terms": [
    "navigat",
    "route",
    "obstacle",
    "path",
    "map",
    "localiz",
    "drive"
   ],
   "no_by_form": false
  },
  {
   "id": "pick_place",
   "group": "tasks",
   "short": "Picks",
   "label": "Picks up and places objects",
   "definition": "The robot grasps objects and moves them to another place.",
   "partial": "It moves a carried container by a fixed mechanism (a lift, conveyor top or winch) rather than by grasping.",
   "terms": [
    "pick",
    "grasp",
    "place",
    "manipulat",
    "tote",
    "gripper",
    "handle"
   ],
   "no_by_form": true
  },
  {
   "id": "tool_use",
   "group": "tasks",
   "short": "Tools",
   "label": "Uses tools",
   "definition": "The robot is documented using a hand tool, instrument or utensil to act on something else (a screwdriver, a surgical instrument, a spatula, a scanner).",
   "partial": "It swaps purpose-built end-of-arm tooling through a tool changer rather than grasping a tool.",
   "terms": [
    "tool",
    "instrument",
    "utensil",
    "screwdriver",
    "tool changer",
    "scanner"
   ],
   "no_by_form": true
  },
  {
   "id": "multi_step",
   "group": "tasks",
   "short": "Multi-step",
   "label": "Long multi-step manipulation tasks",
   "definition": "The robot is documented completing, from one instruction or job, a manipulation task made of several different stages in sequence (not one motion repeated), with no person stepping in between stages.",
   "partial": "Such tasks are shown only with a person or a separate planner issuing each stage as its own instruction.",
   "terms": [
    "long-horizon",
    "long horizon",
    "multi-step",
    "multi-stage",
    "sequence",
    "minutes",
    "end-to-end task",
    "stages"
   ],
   "no_by_form": true
  },
  {
   "id": "serves_person",
   "group": "tasks",
   "short": "Serves person",
   "label": "Works directly for a person who is present",
   "definition": "The robot's documented job is to serve an individual who is with it and whose requests it takes: a passenger, a household member, a patient, a shopper.",
   "partial": "It meets people only at a hand-over (a delivery recipient), or works beside employees as a co-worker rather than serving them.",
   "terms": [
    "passenger",
    "rider",
    "customer",
    "household",
    "patient",
    "user",
    "companion",
    "assistant",
    "recipient"
   ],
   "no_by_form": false
  },
  {
   "id": "carries_passengers",
   "group": "tasks",
   "short": "Passengers",
   "label": "Carries passengers",
   "definition": "The robot carries people as passengers.",
   "partial": "Rides are limited to employees or invited riders, or have been demonstrated but not offered.",
   "terms": [
    "passenger",
    "rider",
    "ride",
    "ride-hail",
    "robotaxi"
   ],
   "no_by_form": true
  },
  {
   "id": "carries_goods",
   "group": "tasks",
   "short": "Goods",
   "label": "Carries goods",
   "definition": "Transporting goods, parcels, totes, pallets or freight from one place to another is the robot's documented job.",
   "partial": "Shown in demonstrations or pilots only.",
   "terms": [
    "deliver",
    "freight",
    "load",
    "cargo",
    "tote",
    "pallet",
    "parcel",
    "transport",
    "payload"
   ],
   "no_by_form": false
  },
  {
   "id": "sold_or_leased",
   "group": "deployment",
   "short": "On sale",
   "label": "Available to customers",
   "definition": "Customers can buy, lease or subscribe to the robot, or pay for its service; for a model or platform, a commercial licence or paid API is offered.",
   "partial": "Only pre-orders, reservations, a waiting list or an early-access programme with selected partners.",
   "terms": [
    "price",
    "order",
    "buy",
    "lease",
    "subscription",
    "robots-as-a-service",
    "RaaS",
    "customers",
    "commercial",
    "available",
    "pre-order",
    "fare"
   ],
   "no_by_form": false
  },
  {
   "id": "unsupervised_commercial",
   "group": "deployment",
   "short": "Unattended",
   "label": "Does paid work with no on-site supervisor",
   "definition": "The maker, a customer or a regulator states that the robot does paid or production work with no safety operator and none of the maker's staff attending it on site.",
   "partial": "It does paid or production work, but with a safety operator, an attendant or the maker's staff on site; or the unattended work is a pilot.",
   "terms": [
    "driverless",
    "fully autonomous",
    "without a safety",
    "no human",
    "unattended",
    "lights-out",
    "commercial",
    "production",
    "paid"
   ],
   "no_by_form": false
  },
  {
   "id": "regulatory_approval",
   "group": "deployment",
   "short": "Approval",
   "label": "Regulatory approval or permit",
   "definition": "A named government regulator has authorised the robot's use: a driverless deployment permit, an aviation certificate or waiver, a medical-device clearance or approval, a type approval.",
   "partial": "Only a testing permit or time-limited exemption; an application that is pending; or certification to a named safety standard by an independent body without a government authorisation.",
   "terms": [
    "permit",
    "approval",
    "approved",
    "cleared",
    "clearance",
    "FDA",
    "FAA",
    "DMV",
    "CPUC",
    "NHTSA",
    "exemption",
    "certif",
    "CE mark",
    "licence",
    "license"
   ],
   "no_by_form": false
  },
  {
   "id": "stated_scale",
   "group": "deployment",
   "short": "Scale",
   "label": "Units deployed at stated scale",
   "definition": "The maker or a regulator states a number of units deployed, delivered or in service, and it is 100 or more.",
   "partial": "A stated number below 100; or only a production target, capacity or order book rather than units in service.",
   "terms": [
    "units",
    "robots deployed",
    "fleet of",
    "vehicles",
    "shipped",
    "delivered",
    "installed",
    "systems",
    "customers"
   ],
   "no_by_form": false
  },
  {
   "id": "open_hardware",
   "group": "deployment",
   "short": "Open hardware",
   "label": "Open-source hardware",
   "definition": "The maker has published the hardware design (CAD, bill of materials or equivalent) under an open licence.",
   "partial": "Only part of the design, or description files (URDF, meshes) without manufacturing files.",
   "terms": [
    "open-source hardware",
    "open source",
    "CAD",
    "bill of materials",
    "BOM",
    "URDF",
    "hardware design"
   ],
   "no_by_form": false
  },
  {
   "id": "open_model",
   "group": "deployment",
   "short": "Open model",
   "label": "Open model or weights",
   "definition": "The model weights, or the source code of the control software, can be downloaded by anyone.",
   "partial": "Code without weights; weights of an older or smaller version only; or a licence limited to research or non-commercial use.",
   "terms": [
    "open-source",
    "open source",
    "weights",
    "checkpoint",
    "Hugging Face",
    "GitHub",
    "license",
    "licence",
    "released",
    "download"
   ],
   "no_by_form": false
  },
  {
   "id": "sdk_api",
   "group": "deployment",
   "short": "SDK/API",
   "label": "Developer SDK or API",
   "definition": "The maker documents an SDK or API through which others can program or control the robot, or call or fine-tune the model.",
   "partial": "Offered to selected partners only, or announced without public documentation.",
   "terms": [
    "SDK",
    "API",
    "developer",
    "ROS",
    "fine-tun",
    "integrat",
    "programmable"
   ],
   "no_by_form": false
  },
  {
   "id": "safety_report",
   "group": "safety",
   "short": "Safety report",
   "label": "Published safety case or report",
   "definition": "The maker has published a document about the safety of the system: a safety report or safety case, a voluntary safety self-assessment, safety performance data, or a peer-reviewed safety study.",
   "partial": "A safety page that describes principles or features, with no report and no data.",
   "terms": [
    "safety report",
    "safety case",
    "safety framework",
    "self-assessment",
    "VSSA",
    "safety data",
    "safety hub",
    "safety"
   ],
   "no_by_form": false
  },
  {
   "id": "incident_reporting",
   "group": "safety",
   "short": "Incident rep.",
   "label": "Incident reporting to a regulator",
   "definition": "A regulator's record or the maker's own document shows that incidents involving the system are reported to a regulator (for example crash reports under a standing order, collision reports to a state agency, adverse-event reports for a medical device).",
   "partial": "A regulator's investigation, recall or enforcement record exists for the system, but no routine reporting is documented.",
   "terms": [
    "report",
    "NHTSA",
    "Standing General Order",
    "collision report",
    "MAUDE",
    "adverse event",
    "recall",
    "investigation",
    "incident"
   ],
   "no_by_form": false
  },
  {
   "id": "remote_monitoring",
   "group": "safety",
   "short": "Monitoring",
   "label": "Remote monitoring centre",
   "definition": "The maker states that its staff monitor the robots remotely during operation (an operations centre, fleet response team, remote supervisors).",
   "partial": "Remote telemetry or fleet-management software is provided, with no statement that staff watch the robots.",
   "terms": [
    "monitor",
    "operations center",
    "operations centre",
    "command center",
    "fleet management",
    "fleet response",
    "remote support",
    "telemetry",
    "24/7"
   ],
   "no_by_form": false
  },
  {
   "id": "estop_mrc",
   "group": "safety",
   "short": "Safe stop",
   "label": "Emergency stop or minimal-risk manoeuvre",
   "definition": "The documentation describes how the robot is brought to a safe state: an emergency-stop control, a protective stop, a minimal-risk condition such as pulling over, a parachute or controlled landing.",
   "partial": "Collision avoidance or safety-rated functions are mentioned without a description of the stop or safe-state behaviour.",
   "terms": [
    "emergency stop",
    "e-stop",
    "estop",
    "minimal risk",
    "pull over",
    "safe state",
    "protective stop",
    "parachute",
    "fail-safe",
    "fallback",
    "safe stop"
   ],
   "no_by_form": false
  }
 ],
 "owner_questions": {
  "autonomy": [
   "autonomous_operation",
   "remote_assistance",
   "onsite_human",
   "unsupervised_commercial"
  ],
  "user_assist": [
   "operator_assist",
   "serves_person"
  ]
 },
 "record": {
  "required": [
   "id",
   "name",
   "former_names",
   "maker",
   "country",
   "country_source",
   "regulator_records",
   "verification_note",
   "category",
   "status",
   "first_demo",
   "first_deployment",
   "ai_stack",
   "business_model",
   "primary_url",
   "different",
   "ideal_use",
   "history",
   "timeline",
   "quantities",
   "features",
   "sources",
   "atlas_ids",
   "last_reviewed"
  ],
  "status": {
   "research": "A paper, model or laboratory system with no product.",
   "development": "Shown publicly by its maker; no use by outside customers or the public is documented.",
   "pilot": "In trials with customers or the public at limited scale.",
   "commercial": "Sold, leased or in paid service; or, for a model or platform, released for general use as a supported product.",
   "discontinued": "Withdrawn or shut down."
  },
  "date_fact": [
   "date",
   "precision",
   "what",
   "source_url",
   "quote",
   "verification",
   "as_of"
  ],
  "text_fact": [
   "text",
   "source_url",
   "quote",
   "verification",
   "as_of"
  ],
  "history_entry": [
   "date",
   "precision",
   "kind",
   "text",
   "source_url",
   "quote",
   "verification",
   "as_of"
  ],
  "history_kinds": [
   "rename",
   "acquisition",
   "merger",
   "spin_out",
   "ownership",
   "shutdown",
   "relaunch"
  ],
  "timeline_entry": [
   "date",
   "precision",
   "kind",
   "text",
   "source_url",
   "quote",
   "verification",
   "as_of"
  ],
  "timeline_kinds": [
   "announcement",
   "publication",
   "demonstration",
   "pilot",
   "commercial_launch",
   "version",
   "expansion",
   "regulatory",
   "incident",
   "recall",
   "funding",
   "partnership",
   "shutdown",
   "other"
  ],
  "timeline_kinds_needing_primary": [
   "incident",
   "recall"
  ],
  "quantity": [
   "kind",
   "value",
   "unit",
   "label",
   "date",
   "precision",
   "source_url",
   "quote",
   "verification",
   "as_of"
  ],
  "quantity_kinds": [
   "units",
   "payload",
   "speed",
   "runtime",
   "dof",
   "distance",
   "rides",
   "hours",
   "price",
   "deliveries",
   "procedures",
   "mass",
   "height",
   "model_parameters",
   "training_data",
   "sites",
   "other"
  ],
  "cell": [
   "value",
   "verification",
   "source_url",
   "as_of",
   "note",
   "quote"
  ],
  "cell_not_found_extra": [
   "checked_urls",
   "terms"
  ],
  "cell_optional": [
   "basis"
  ],
  "source": [
   "publisher",
   "kind"
  ],
  "country_source": [
   "source_url",
   "quote",
   "verification",
   "as_of"
  ],
  "regulator_records": [
   "status",
   "text",
   "checked_urls",
   "as_of"
  ],
  "regulator_status": {
   "checked": "The regulator's own records for this system (recall reports, investigation documents, adverse-event or accident records) were fetched and read as text. The incidents and recalls in the timeline are what those documents state; if there are none, none was found in the records named.",
   "not_checked": "The regulator's records for this system could not be read, or were not looked for. An empty list of incidents and recalls here is a gap in this record, not a clean record.",
   "not_applicable": "A research model, dataset or platform with no deployed product that a regulator would hold records for."
  },
  "statement_optional": [
   "gate"
  ],
  "gate": {
   "read": "The site's own automatic check fetched the cited page with a plain request and found the quote on it.",
   "unread": "The automatic check could not read the cited page with a plain request (it needs a browser, or refuses automated requests). The quote was confirmed only in a browser-rendered copy when the statement was written."
  }
 },
 "limits": {
  "name": 60,
  "maker": 60,
  "country": 40,
  "sentence_min": 30,
  "sentence_max": 280,
  "note_min": 8,
  "note_max": 220,
  "what_max": 100,
  "quote_min_letters": 20,
  "quote_max": 700,
  "entry_text_min": 15,
  "entry_text_max": 260,
  "label_max": 120,
  "unit_max": 30,
  "timeline_min": 3,
  "timeline_max": 10,
  "timeline_safety_max": 14,
  "history_max": 8,
  "quantities_max": 12,
  "former_names_max": 6,
  "checked_urls_min": 2,
  "checked_urls_max": 8,
  "terms_min": 2,
  "terms_max": 14
 },
 "not_found_search": {
  "rule": "A cell may be not_found only after all of the following that exist for the system were fetched and read as page text, searched for the feature's terms and their usual synonyms, and none of them describes the feature.",
  "pages": [
   "the maker's product or technical page for the system (for a paper: the paper's full text or its project page)",
   "the maker's announcement, press release or technical blog post for the system's current version",
   "for a deployed system, the maker's safety, FAQ or support page if one exists; for a regulated system, the regulator's page for it if one exists",
   "for an open-source release, the repository README"
  ],
  "records": "checked_urls (the pages actually fetched: two to eight), terms (the words searched: at least two), as_of (the UTC day), note.",
  "not_enough": [
   "one page",
   "a tool's summary of a page",
   "a search engine's results",
   "pages about a different product from the same maker"
  ]
 }
}
